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SC BIOL 460 - The Heart

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BIOL 460 1st Edition Lecture 13Outline of Last Lecture I. Smooth Musclea. Multiunit b. Single unitc. Excitation/contraction coupling II. The Heart/Circulatory System (Chapter 9)Outline of Current Lecture I. Valves a. AV valvesb. Semilunar valvesII. Path of Blood in HeartIII. Cardiac Cycle Current Lecture1. Valves prevent backflowa. AV valvesi. R – tricuspidii. L – bicuspidiii. Flaps are connective tissueiv. Underside connected to connective tissue fibers (chordae tenineae) otherend connects to papillary muscles in ventriclev. This holds the valve in place so they don’t open the other way during contractionvi. Murmurs1. Backflow due to damaged valveThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.2. Caused by streptococcus pyrogenase (antibodies for strep attach to connective tissues in body, causing destruction of those cells)3. Don’t class all the way – incompetentb. Semilunar Valvesi. 3 cuspsii. aortic SL valveiii. pulmonary SL valveiv. cusps have elevated ridgev. pressure of contraction pushes cusps upwardDOUBLE CIRCUIT HEART1. R SIDE – PULMONARY CIRCUIT2. L SIDE – SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT3. Know path of blooda. superior (a) and inferior (b) vena cava - main veins that receive blood from the bodyb. Right atrium receives blood from the body via the vena cavaei. Atria are on the top in the heart.c. The blood then passes through the right atrioventricular valve, which is forced shut when the ventricles contract, preventing blood from reentering the atriumd. The blood goes into the right ventricle (note that it has a thinner wall; it only pumps to lungs)i. Ventricles are on the bottom of the heart.e. The right semilunar valve marks the beginning of the arteryf. The pulmonary artery is the main artery taking deoxygenated blood to the lungsg. Blood goes to the right and left lungs, where capillaries are in close contact with the thin-walled alveoli so the blood can release CO2 and pick up O2h. From the lungs, the pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood back into the hearti. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungsj. The blood passes through the left atrioventricular valve (AV valve) k. The blood enters the left ventriclel. The blood passes through the left semilunar valve at the beginning of the aortai. aorta is the main artery to the body1. coronary artery- supplies blood to the heart muscle itself so it can pump 2. A blockage of the coronary artery or one of its branches is very serious because this can cause portions of the heart to die if they don’t get nutrients and oxygena. coronary heart attack3. From the capillaries in the heart muscle, the blood flows back through the coronary vein, which lies on top of the arterym. The aorta divides into arteries to distribute blood to the bodyn. Small arteries are called arterioleso. The smallest vessels are the capillariesp. These join again to form venules, the smallest of the veinsq. These, in turn, join to form the larger veins, which carry the blood back to the superior and inferior vena cavar. The atrioventricular and semilunar valves prevent backflow as the heart contractsi. Defects in any of these that allow some blood to leak backwards because distinctive sounds through a stethoscope, thus are called heart murmursCardiac Cycle1. See chart in notes2. Systole – contraction3. Diastole – relaxation4. Both atrial and ventricular systoles and diastoles5. nitially whole heart is in diastole6. Pressure fills heart with blood (ventricles are 80% full)7. Atrial systolea. Blood moves to ventriclesb. Gives end diastolic volume (EDV) – amount of blood in ventricles at end of ventricular diastole (115mL)8. Ventricular Systolea. Ventricles eject 2/3 of blood (about 70mL) STROKE VOLUMEb. Gives end systolic volume (ESV) – 45mL9. Blood pressure is in mmHg10. Time is in seconds (one cycle is about


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SC BIOL 460 - The Heart

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