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TAMU PSYC 371 - Malingering
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Honest RespondingStraightforward responsesLacks attempts to create specific impressions that are not accurateMalingeringDeliberate attempt to fabricate or exaggerate symptoms of a physical or mental illnessAlso known as “faking Bad”People tend to malinger for external motivationsThis could include the loss of possibilities or responsibilities (going to Beutal to skip class without consequences or to get out of class early), get drugs, criminal charges, financial reasonsForensic SettingsPsychologists seem to assume that they can gain cooperation and good faith participation from patients during assessments and treatmentThis is not necessarily the case. It isn’t wise to make this assumption.Psychologists may ask about something that is personal but the one seeking help may be too embarrassed to share the full truth about their life. So they lie on purposeThe question arises is such an assumption can change under a given settingIn the case of a forensic setting, the question of malingering is always thereSomewhat crazy to expect people to be candid and open if their life/ freedom is at stakeMalingering FrequencyPercentage is unknown.You still cant be sure if someone is telling the truth even after their assessment has been givingBest estimates include16% in forensic settings7% in non-forensic settingBut there are still incentives to malingering even outside of the forensic settingDSM Malingering ConsiderationsThere is a heightened risk of malingering if:There is forensic contextPresence of Anti-social PersonalityThey have a legal history, had a conduct disorder when younger, SPECIFIC ACTS OF DEVIANCE, not being able to function in society under society’s rulesSo, many people in prison are those with anti-social personalities, because they have done enough deviance to end up in prisonLack of cooperation or treatment complianceCould be an indicator that someone isn’t experiencing what they say they are experiencing so they get frustrated trying to keep their stories straightClaims that differ from “objective findings”… contrasts between what is seen and what’s observedCollateral information: getting info from different people or resources.Also works with mental healthTheories of MalingeringPathogenic: if someone is malingering, they really might be crazy even if it means being institutionalizedCriminogenicThe person is really badHigh index of suspicionA bad person (ASPD), in a bad circumstance (forensic), who is performing badly (uncooperative & inconsistent)AdaptationalMalingering in certain situationSimulation StudiesInstructing participants to fake a mental disorder, and try to see how much they are alike to malingerersMalingering ParadoxIn order to learn about people who don’t answer assessments honestly, we study honest people who are instructed to be dishonestThe people who are being studied, are told to not follow the rules and to lie so that there can be basis/comparison for studying those who purposefully malinger.“Known Groups” ComparisonsTo develop known groups you need to get “real” malingerers and determine how they perform on tests.Psychological testsMMPI/PAI validity scalesSIRS/TOMMDesigned specifically for malingering, the SIRS is specifically developed for mental disorders; TOMM is for cognitive functioningMiller Forensic AssessmentLecture 14Outline of Last Lecture I. Insanity Defense II. Mental Illness & Violence III. Facts on Insanity IV. Types of Defenses a. Affirmative b. Negating c. Temporary InsanityV. Temporary Insanity a. Diminished Capacity b. Twinkie DefenseVI. Personality Disorder a. Cognitive Prongb. Volitional Prong c. Potential Problemsd. SolutionsVII. Double-Edged Sword of Personality Disorders a. Aspinwall, Brown, & Tabery (2012)b. 2 X 2 Design VIII. Alternative Forms of Punishment Outline of Current Lecture IX. Honest Responding X. MalingeringXI. Forensic SettingPSYC 371 1st EditionXII. Malingering FrequencyXIII. DSM Malingering Considerations XIV. Theories of Malingering a. Pathogenicb. Criminogenicc. AdaptationalXV. Simulation Studies XVI. Malingering ParadoxXVII.“Known Groups” ComparisonsCurrent Lecture Honest Responding- Straightforward responses - Lacks attempts to create specific impressions that are not accurate Malingering- Deliberate attempt to fabricate or exaggerate symptoms of a physical or mentalillness - Also known as “faking Bad”- People tend to malinger for external motivationso This could include the loss of possibilities or responsibilities (going to Beutal to skip class without consequences or to get out of class early), getdrugs, criminal charges, financial reasons Forensic Settings- Psychologists seem to assume that they can gain cooperation and good faith participation from patients during assessments and treatmento This is not necessarily the case. It isn’t wise to make this assumption. Psychologists may ask about something that is personal but the oneseeking help may be too embarrassed to share the full truth about their life. So they lie on purpose o The question arises is such an assumption can change under a given setting In the case of a forensic setting, the question of malingering is always thereo Somewhat crazy to expect people to be candid and open if their life/ freedom is at stake Malingering Frequency- Percentage is unknown.- You still cant be sure if someone is telling the truth even after their assessment has been giving - Best estimates include o 16% in forensic settingso 7% in non-forensic setting But there are still incentives to malingering even outside of the forensic setting  DSM Malingering Considerations- There is a heightened risk of malingering if:o There is forensic contexto Presence of Anti-social Personality They have a legal history, had a conduct disorder when younger, SPECIFIC ACTS OF DEVIANCE, not being able to function in society under society’s rules  So, many people in prison are those with anti-social personalities, because they have done enough deviance to end up in prisono Lack of cooperation or treatment compliance Could be an indicator that someone isn’t experiencing what they say they are experiencing so they get frustrated trying to keep theirstories straighto Claims that differ from “objective findings”… contrasts between what is seen and what’s observed Collateral information: getting info from different people or resources. Also works with mental health  Theories


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TAMU PSYC 371 - Malingering

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