The “trait” constructTrait: The tendency to act in a certain in a consistent manner; typically contrasted with “state” (Changing and dynamic)Consistency observed in people over time and in situations“Building Blocks” of personalityTraits are the building blocks of personalityThis approach is more analytic than holistic; seeing the personality comprised of different partsMost theorist think that traits are organized in hierarchies meaning some traits are more important than othersSuper traitIntroversion and extroversionSociable or notGordon Allport (1897-1967)Youngest of 4 boys (older brother Floyd)Who was a famous social psychologist1919: AB, HarvardMajored in philosophy and economics1920: Teaches English and Social Studies in IstanbulVisits Freud, the meeting convinced Allport that psychology was “screwed up” if they assume unconscious influences for the cause of everything. He thought that psychologists should probe the manifest motivations first before seeking to understand the unconscious.The meeting between Freud and Allport motivated him to go to grad school for psychology1922: receives a Ph.D., Harvard1922-24: Studies with “gestaltists” (Wertheimer, Kohler, Werner)Supported the holistic approach.1924: Teaches his 1st personality course at HarvardPersonality as an “Open System”There is an exchange between the person and the environmentThe idea that people affect their environment just as much as the environment affects themEx: Prof: Morey showing up at a college party; this would change the mood from one of carefree to that of confusionHomeostasisTrying to maintain internal orderDevelopmentComplexity of this orderThe order becomes more differentiated as a person developsOrderMeant to define a variety of traitsTrait = DispositionWhen people hear “trait” they assume is predictable in its appearance; something that’s fixed.Used disposition to mean that people are disposed to act a certain way because of the things that affect their environmentTraits and Dispositions2 types of traitsCommon traits (nomothetic): meaning they are not frequent, but common to different people, treating people similarA characteristic of personality that you can compare from person to personEx: introversion, someone can be more introverted than othersAllport didn’t like common traits, made up the word nomothetic and idiographicFelt that people were different and unique“Common traits are abstractions and fools people too thinking these are common in other peopleIndividual traits: refers to the unique expression of a trait in a person, emphasis that people are differentAKA personal dispositions (idiographic)Cardinal disposition: aspect of someone’s personality that’s so overwhelming that every action revolves around it, a 1-D character, one trait drives every actionFew people have this, but if you have it your personality is so striking you might get a personality named after youEx: Machiavellian traitCentral Disposition (4% of the English Language): an outstanding characteristics that really capture who someone isThe adjectives used to describe someone would be the trait nameThe combo of things people use to describe others is rather largeSecondary Disposition: not as conspicuous; often have a narrow range of applicability;It’s consistent, but doesn’t explain day-to-day behaviorsDevelopment of PersonalityThe self was a structure of scaffolding upon which personality hangsGoal was to build the self in order to support your personalitySelf develops in a series of stages:Bodily Self: learning to distinguish the physical self from something else, the distinction between what is you and not youSelf-Identity: ages 1-2; occurs simultaneously with the development of language; the extension of what yourself is to thoughts and actionsEx: associating your name with yourselfSelf-esteem: ages 2-3; involves a sense of competence in dealing with the outside worldLearning that your actions can be successful or unsuccessfulExtension of Self: ages 4-5; starts to include things outside of the self.Ex: possession or relatednessSelf-Image: beginnings of school; increasing awareness of the idea that others are forming an image of yourselfEx: being made fun of or being called a “dufus” because you cant tie your shoeSelf as “rational coper”: ages 6-12; starting to develop formal and reflective thoughtsProprium and propriate strivings: adolescents; signifies what the personality really is, what the idea of self includes“Who are we, how are we different from others?”The completeness of personalityIncludes: objectives, goals, acceptance of responsibility for determining that directionMotivation: “Functional Autonomy”Motivation becomes autonomousMotives can change over time; as your perform a behavior over and over the function of behavior become autonomousLecture 14Outline of Last Lecture I. George Kelly Early Years II. Clinical Experiences a. Fundamental Postulate III. 11 Corollariesa. Construction b. Individuality c. Organizationd. Dichotomy e. Choice f. Range g. Experience h. Modulationi. Fragmentationj. Commonality k. SocialityIV. Role Construct Repertory Test V. Repertory Grid Research Outline of Current Lecture VI. The “trait” ConstructVII. “Building Blocks” of PersonalityVIII.Super traitIX. Gordon Allporta. Early Years b. Personality as an Open Systemc. Traits and Dispositionsi. Common Traitii. Individual Trait1. Cardinal Disposition2. Central Disposition3. Secondary Dispositiond. Development of Personalityi. Bodily Selfii. Self-Identityiii. Self-Esteemiv. Extension of Selfv. Self Image vi. Self as “Rational Coper”vii. Proprium and Propriate Strivings e. Motivation: “Functional Autonomy”Current LecturePSYC 330 1st Edition The “trait” construct- Trait: The tendency to act in a certain in a consistent manner; typically contrasted with “state” (Changing and dynamic)- Consistency observed in people over time and in situations  “Building Blocks” of personality- Traits are the building blocks of personality - This approach is more analytic than holistic; seeing the personality comprised of different parts - Most theorist think that traits are organized in hierarchies meaning some traits are more important than others  Super trait- Introversion and extroversiono Sociable or not Gordon Allport (1897-1967)- Youngest of 4 boys (older brother Floyd)o Who was a famous social psychologist - 1919: AB,