HIST 158 1st Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Last LectureI. The Atlantic Systema. World economyb. Slaveryc. Birth of consumer societyd. Agricultural Revolutione. Life in cityf. Consolidation of European State SystemOutline of Current LectureI. Absolutism a. Theories b. Characteristics c. ConstitutionalismCurrent LectureI. Absolutisma. Theories:i. Jean Bodin (1530-1596)1. Wrote “Six Books of the Republic” outlining the powers and limits of absolutism in France2. There are no limits on the King’s power3. Essential attribute of royalty4. Will bring stability to Europe5. Perpetual, unique, absolute and indivisible6. Limits  King must obey just, divine and natural lawThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. If he didn’t, people could rise up. People didn’t have capability to intervene, however, so it was an unrealistic limit7. Crimes against the King’s majesty were severely punishableii. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)1. English political thinker2. Only absolutism can save society from constant war of every man against every man3. Absolutism is a social contract that people enter into voluntarily inexchange for stability and security4. People could take back power if King overstepped (but this, again, was unrealistic)b. Characteristics:i. Strong, ambitious dynastiesii. Nobilitiesiii. Representative institutions – form of Parliament but could only intervene when/if King callediv. Expanding state structures and propaganda – to show off power and wealth/justify the King’s powerv. Warfare and royal armiesvi. Religion – establishment of national churchesvii. Monumental architecturec. Constitutionalism:i. The Dutch Republic and England maintained a parliamentary tradition1. Precursors for the world to come2. Differences: Mercantile elite v. Royal rule3. Similarities: Protestant, on the Atlantic, vibrant middle classii. English Civil War1. Conflict: Religious divisions: Church of England and Puritans (extreme faction in favor of PURE Protestantism)a. Under Queen Elizabeth, Protestant but resembled Catholicity’s traditionalism2. Conflict: taxationa. Charles I needs money but doesn’t want to call Parliament (who withholds power over taxes)b. Finally forced to call Parliament but they refuse to raise taxes unless Charles I signs the Petition of Rightsi. A law that guaranteed rights of Parliamentii. Parliament goes from serving King to serving people 1. Huge switchc. 1647- King is captured and executedi. Puritan Republic led by Comwell, the Lord Protectorwho takes control1. Behaves as a monarch as wellii. On and off conflict for decadesd. 1679 – Habeas Corpusi. Summons with the force of a court ordere. 1689 – Bill of Rightsi. Charles II called back after fleeing in hopes that he would behave differently than previous rulers but he didn’t1. Established some limits on royal power and protected private propertyiii. John Locke (1632-1704)1. Social contract between citizens2. Not a divine right3. Protect life, liberty and property4. State of nature – peaceful5. People can rise against if the government fails to provide basic