HIST 158 1st Edition Lecture 16 Outline of Last LectureI. German Wars of ReligionII. French WarsIII. Revolt of the NetherlandsIV. 30 Years WarOutline of Current LectureI. The Atlantic Systema. World economyb. Slaveryc. Birth of consumer societyd. Agricultural Revolutione. Life in cityf. Consolidation of European State SystemCurrent LectureI. The Atlantic Systema. World economyi. Treaty of Westphalia  Netherlands become independent from Spain (Spain’s power is declining in the 16th century)ii. Dutch Republic and England have very different political systems than Portugal and Spain which allows them to dominate in the 17th century1. Adapted better and switched focus more efficiently to new products2. Tobacco, coffee, sugar, potatoes flooded European markets3. Larger quantities became much cheaper due to slaveryb. Slavery – a public/private enterprisei. More than 11 million Africans transported to Americas before 1850These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. 1.4 died in transport2. Forced to work under absolutely inhumane conditions c. Birth of consumer societyi. Keeping up with the demandii. Debate: excessive materialism vs. free market1. Defined by who you are or what you have?iii. Fashion starts in Renaissance Italy only for upper classes1. 17th century cotton allows everyone to have more clothesd. Agricultural Revolutioni. New techniques  improvementsii. Food production increases as prices decreaseiii. More animals, more manure, more foodiv. Small farms replaced by large, efficient farmsv. Increase in population in countryside1. People begin to move to citye. Life in cityi. Availability of food and jobs made life sustainable ii. Coffee shops grewiii. Culture expanded (theaters, music, public sphere))iv. Middle class: reading public1. Authors become less dependent on patronage by ruling classes because printing press allows books to be sold widelya. Enlightenment begins herev. Downside of life in city:1. Overpopulation2. Public hygiene was a huge issue3. European cities have a stench4. Diseases spreada. Medical science in early stagesf. Consolidation of European State Systemi. Following Westphaliaii. France rising power on continent, England and Dutch Republic rising power on seasiii. 1690-1740; 3 conflicts brought balance in new world order1. Coalition of powers held France in checka. Louis 14th diedb. All European countries put an end to Louis’ nonstop wars and expansions (external focus)c. Louis 15th focuses on prosperity of economy/society (internal focus)iv. England emerges as supreme maritime power1. Replaces Holland2. Bank of England created - 1st national banka. Supports maritime development (very advantageous)3. Dutch power in Europe declines (hard to maintain)a. Social unrestv. Russia emerges as major power on Baltic Sea1. After defeating Sweden in the Baltic2. Using Western Modern Warfare to create armies3. Brutal dictator but changed Russia (Peter the Great)a. Westernized Russia and became a global