HIST 106 1st Edition Lecture 22 Outline of Last Lecture LECTURE OUTLINE FOR VIETNAM Vietnam Background and the Domino Theory Johnson s War Gulf of Tonkin Operation Rolling Thunder and escalation of ground forces The War at Home Media brings the war home Student protests African American protests 1968 Turning Point Tet Offensive MLK Poor People s Campaign Vietnam assassination Democratic primary and chaos VOCAL MINORITIES AND THE SILENT MAJORITY Women s Movement Two Wings of Feminism Women s Rights Women s Liberation Feminism and Race The Sexual Revolution Resisting the Revolution Black Power Stokely Carmichael and Black Power in the South The Black Panthers Power in Brown Red and Yellow Mexican Americans Cesar Chavez and the Chicanos Native Americans and the American Indian Movement Asian Americans and pan Asian unity Gay Liberation The Counterculture Backlash and conservative resurgence Current Lecture VOCAL MINORITIES AND THE SILENT MAJORITY Women s Movement Two Wings of Feminism Women s Rights Women s Liberation Feminism and Race The Sexual Revolution Resisting the Revolution Black Power Stokely Carmichael and Black Power in the South a The Black Panthers 2 Power in Brown Red and Yellow a Mexican Americans Cesar Chavez and the Chicanos i Caesar Chavez gets tired of braceros being hired to work for nothing 1 Start grass rooting boycotts a Grape boycott is the most successful in history ii Chicano Movement 1 El Movimiento 2 Brown Baretts a Followed black panthers on smaller scale b Restored pride in mexicans b Native Americans and the American Indian Movement i AIM 1 Forefront of undertaking 2 Founded initially in response to police brutality and harassment 3 Played major role in creating nationwide organization to publicize protest 4 Very successful at attracting media attention ii Protests 1 Occupation of Alcatraz Island a Claimed it under an earlier act that gave unoccupied federal land to Indians 2 Took over Bureau of Indian Affairs in DC 3 Stand off at Wounded Knee a Occupied town for 71 days and demanded chief to be gotten rid of b FBI takes back town c Asian Americans and pan Asian unity i Asian American Political Alliance 1 First time all Asians had united as one group ii Protested foreign policy against homelands d Commonalities i Ready to take action ii Militant in outlook iii Critique of American foreign policy saw racial element that tied together oppressed people at home and abroad iv Expression of racial pride culture history v Attracted young people and students helped establish ethnic studies programs 3 Gay Liberation a Police would patrol gay bars and arrest gay men b 1969 police raid stonewall inn i Well known gay hang out ii Patrons fight back and spark riot that lasts entire night 1 Spray paint gay power throughout neighborhood iii Encouraged many GLBT to unite together and protest for their rights c 1973 gay not a mental illness d By mid 1970s US civil service lifts ban on employment of gays e Anti sodomy laws not struck down in every state until 2002 f Activists responded to these victories by encouraging others to come out and be proud of who they are 4 The Counterculture a Hippie movement b Read books for this info 5 Backlash and conservative resurgence a The victories that minorities were winning were helping bring back conservative power b Middle America Forgotten Americans Silent Majority i Mainly white ii Believed they were forgotten by government who was giving money to poverty places iii Though they were being ignored for focus on other movements iv Were threatened by these movements that challenged their traditional views c George Wallace i American Independent Party CRISIS OF CONFIDENCE a Nixon and the World i Vietnam Cambodia and Laos 1 Vietnam a He prolonged the war b National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger says even though we weren t winning we couldn t leave because it would make us look cowardice in the middle of the cold war c Pulled troops from Vietnam but were making plans to invade Cambodia i Ordered bombing raids ii 1970 ordered ground troops d College Reaction i Kent State University 1 Troops fire into unarmed student protestors and kill 2 ii Jackson State College 1 State troopers fire into group of unarmed student protests and kill many iii Response 1 College deans call on Nixon to end war 2 Student protestors shut down colleges across nation ii 1973 Paris Peace Accords 1 An agreement ending the war and restoring peace in Vietnam 2 Immediate cease fire and north Vietnamese had to release US POW 3 South government would still rule for the time being iii War Power Act 1 President can only send combat troops into battle where imminent hostilities are likely 2 Must notify congress within 48 hours of deploying troops 3 Troops cant stay in combat area for more than 60 days without an authorization of force or declaration of war 4 President can extend time troops are in the combat area for 30 days without congressional approval for a total of 90 days in certain conditions iv D tente China and the Soviet Union 1 Ping Pong Diplomacy a US ping pong team first Americans allowed in china since communist control b Soon after Nixon and his wife fly to china and open diplomatic communications b The Imperial Presidency and Watergate i Nixon would resort to trickery and scamming to get what he wanted ii Relied on loyal staffers that would do anything to keep him in white house iii June 17 1972 1 Security catches 5 men trying to install listening devices in Watergate section iv All 7 defendents convicted 1 1 wrote letter to judge saying white house paid them to keep quiet 2 Calls for further investigations v Nixon blames everything elsewhere 1 Fires the guy vi White house employees start confessing 1 VP resigns a Ford replaces him vii Nixon s approval rating drops to 27 1 Fastest in 1 year viii Watergate Five 1 Chief of staff 2 2 campaign lawyers 3 Campaign director ix Nixon Resignation 1 August 1974 2 Tapes were released and nation calls for impeachment c The Lean Years i Stagflation ii Oil Crisis d Crisis of Confidence i From Ford to Carter ii Iranian Hostage Crisis