GENE 301 1nd EditionExam # 2 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 12Lecture 11-12 (October 7-9)Base PalindromesThe following is one strand of a four base palindrome. Fill in the base. AC_TGACGC_TGDefinitions:What is helicase used for?It unwinds the DNAStructures:A purine has four Carbons and 2 Nitrogen in its six-member ring. There are three Carbons and 2Nitrogen in its five-member ring. A pyrimidine (T, C, U) has four Carbons and 2 Nitrogen in its ring. A deoxyribose sugar has five Carbons, 1’, 2’, 3’, 4’, 5’. It has three phosphates that are added to the nucleoside to make tri-phosphate nucleotide, which is used for making DNA. To which Carbon would the three phosphates be added?5’Lecture 13-14 (October 14-16) What enzyme is responsible for initiating each segment of replication in the lagging strand?PrimaseWhat protein keeps DNA single stranded from the time it is unwounded to the time it is replicated ?SSBWhat enzyme is used to form a phosphodiester bond without adding nucleic acid bond?LigaseWhat enzyme replicates the majority of the DNA that is replicated? Polymerase IIIWhat enzyme replicates the strand quickest? Polymerase IIIWhat enzyme removes the RNA from the Okasaki fragment? Polymerase IWhat enzyme allows DNA ahead of a replication fork to spin up to 3000 revolutions per minute?gyrase (topoisomerase)What enzyme unwinds the DNA and is located at the apex of replication fork?HelicaseLecture 15-16 (October 14-16) What effect is seen in a heterozygous translocation in male Drosophila?50% sterility What effect is seen in a heterozygous inversion in male Drosophila?No effectLecture 17-18 (October 21-24) Mitochondrial DNA is inherited maternally.What sort of chromosome aberration would cause a locus on chromosome -2 to appear to be next to a locus that is known to be 35 map units away and on the other side of the centromere?A heterozygous pericentric (concentric) inversion.An amino acid is activated and attached to tRNA by the action of one of over sixty different: Amino acyl tRNA synthetases Lecture 19 (October 28th) An immunoglobulin produced by plasma cells normally inserts into the membrane of the cell that produces it. When stimulated by contact with reacting antigen, however, immunoglobins are produced that do not insert into the membrane but rather are soluble and are excreted by the plasma cell. The change in protein is accomplished by:Changing the site for addition of the Poly A tail. Mitotic crossing over has been implicated as a contributing actor in about 50% of all cancers. Why does mitotic crossing over cause cancer?Mitotic crossing over can render homozygous an originally heterozygous defective gene in a cell line.Negative interference regularly occurs when dealing with long map distances. Why?Long distances generate under-estimated map distancesExcept for the action of DNA polymerase I, we might find RNA in:Either strand of a newly replicating double helix Peptidly transferase makes peptide bonds between amino acids to form proteins. With what structure is peptidyl transferase activity associated? 50s