HIST 106 1st Edition Lecture 21 Outline of Last Lecture JFK AND LBJ 1960 Election John F Kennedy vs Richard Nixon Kennedy and the Cold War Armament and Aid The Bay of Pigs and the Cuban Missile Crisis The New Frontier JFK and Civil Rights Caution and Compromise Ole Miss 1962 and Birmingham 1963 LBJ and Civil Rights Civil Rights Act of 1964 The Great Society War on Poverty Big Four Education Medicare Medicaid Immigration Voting Rights Act of 1965 We may also start the Vietnam lecture VIETNAM Vietnam Background and the Domino Theory Johnson s War Gulf of Tonkin Operation Rolling Thunder and escalation of ground forces The War at Home Student protests African American protests 1968 Turning Point Tet Offensive MLK criticism of Vietnam assassination Democratic primary and chaos Current Lecture VIETNAM 1 Vietnam Background and the Domino Theory 2 Johnson s War a Gulf of Tonkin b Operation Rolling Thunder and escalation of ground forces i 4 objectives 1 Bolster moral of south Vietnamese government 2 Convince north to cease its support for insurgency in south 3 Destroy north s transportation system industrial base and air defenses 4 Disrupt flow of men and material from north into south ii Most intense air ground battle waged during cold war 1 1k civilian deaths 2 Did not succeed iii Increased troops on the ground and encouraged them to interact in combat iv Vietnamese response 1 Built tunnels 2 Mobilized civilians to help keep trade routes opened 3 Destroyed bridges were built back within a night v US grows tired of trying to tell difference between enemy and friend start flattening villages c My Lai Massacre 1968 i US mobilized army meets no resistance in city yet still massacre all citizens ii Try to keep news down but still reaches back home 3 The War at Home a Media brings the war home i Reported live from battle ii Covered rising body count and posted it nightly iii Showed pictures that weren t permitted during earlier wars b Student protests i Most vocal protestors ii These were the baby boomed kids iii Small minority of college students turned lef 1 By middle of 60s lef students become increasingly concerned with war 2 Students knew their enrollment was the only thing saving males from the draf iv Start with peaceful protest 1 Marches in NY and DC show 20k 2 Didn t do much to change minds on the war c African American protests i They were disproportionately fighting and dying in war ii Were frustrated with conditions at home 1 Unemployment and poverty were major problems in urban area 2 Racial riots urban rebellions a Cost millions in property damages iii MLK and other civil rights groups speak in opposition to war 1 Added moral component a Taking away money from war on poverty 2 Lost many allies when he spoke out 4 1968 Turning Point a Tet Offensive i 1968 ii Suicide squadron of Vietcong bomb their way into courtyard of US embassy 1 Mounted attacks on every other large area iii Took 3 weeks for US to stop attacks and drive Vietcong from cities 1 On paper was military victory for US iv US lost a lot of support for war through this 1 LBJ s looses much support a Almost lost that year s first primary b Announced he would not seek reelection b MLK Poor People s Campaign Vietnam assassination i Launched PPC for peace and justice 1 1 7 living in poverty 2 Aimed t help all not just blacks 3 Would start in MS and end in DC 4 Had to address poverty unemployment ii Assassinated 1 April 4 1968 2 Lorraine Motel 3 This lef behind only Bobby Kennedy to command respect for civil rights c Democratic primary and chaos i Kennedy Vs McCarthy 1 McCarthy against war 2 Kennedy obviously in lead for election though a Encouraged Americans to work together and make it his basis for running ii Assassination 1 Robert Kennedy shot in head by Sirhan Sirhan 2 McCarthy drops out of race 3 Hubert Humphrey LBJ s VP eventually becomes democratic elective iii Why 1 Democratic coalition is deeply divided over Vietnam 2 Republicans return to power and preside over turn to the right 3 Victories and setbacks of the civil rights struggle inspire new forms of political expression LECTURE OUTLINE FOR VOCAL MINORITIES AND THE SILENT MAJORITY 1 Women s Movement a Two Wings of Feminism i Women s Rights 1 National Organization for Women NOW a Sought women s rights 2 Non partisan but generally liberal 3 Want equal opportunity in employment and education 4 Emphasized political participation among women 5 Emphasized improvements to women s daily lives ii Women s Liberation 1 More radical and militant than rights 2 Equal opportunity not enough a Radical b Offer systematic critique of culture and society c Want fundamental changes to society d Challenge patriarchy e Emphasized improvements to women s daily lives b Feminism and Race i For white women only ii Work Liberation 1 Many black women were already working outside of home c The Sexual Revolution i Wanted greater personal freedoms and control ii Many university drops In place of parent in loco prentice Acts 1 Aimed towards women 2 Living off campus curfews etc iii Birth Control Pill Released 1 Allowed women to have control over their reproduction 2 Encouraged more open attitudes towards sex d Resisting the Revolution i Phyllis Schlafly 1 Active in conservative movement in 1950s 2 College Grad ran for congress author 3 Very much living her life outside of the home ii ERA 1 Equal Rights Amendment 2 Introduced in every congressional session since 1923 Finally passed and sent to ratification by states in 1972 a had to ratify by 1978 for it to go into effect iii Protestors 1 Schlafly forms STOP Era stop taking our privileges a Women had certain roles privileges and duties they didn t want to lose b Warning were absurd i Said women would be drafed ii Separate bathrooms would be eliminated iii Sororities and fraternities would be eliminated 2 Black Power a Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party i Made to go against traditional white party ii Were refused seat by the Democratic Convention 1 Said they didn t reflect the state so didn t belong 2 Instead seated traditional white democratic party b Stokely Carmichael and Black Power in the South i March Against Fear 1 Started off with just one man Meredith who is shot during march 2 Others start to walk in place of him ii Carmichael 1 Said to stop saying black freedom and instead say Black Power c The Black Panthers i Formed by Carmichael a Lowndes Country Freedom Organization b Number of black registered voters skyrockets d Malcolm X i