II. DefinitionsIII. Interactions Involving Polar MoleculesIV. Combinations of ForcesCurrent LectureDefinitions:Solution: a homogeneous mixture of two or more substancesSolute: component of solution that is present in smallest number of molesSolvent: component of solution that is present in largest number of molesSolubility: Maximum quantity of substance that can dissolve in a give volume of solutionMiscible: Liquids that are mutually soluble in any proportion (opposite of immiscible)Interactions Involving Polar MoleculesIon-DipoleAttractive force between an ion and a molecule that has a permanent dipoleSphere of HydrationCluster of water molecules surrounding an ion in aqueous mediumSphere of solvation if solvent other than H2OSolubilitySolubility depends on relative strength of solute- solvent interactions compared to solute-solute or solvent- solventLike Dissolves Like:Ionic/polar solutes will be soluble in polar solventsNonpolar solutes will be soluble in nonpolar solvents.Combinations of ForcesMore than one intermolecular force may need to be considered when examining solubilitySolubility decreases as relative energy of H-bonding decreases and dispersion increasesSolubility BehaviorHydrophobic (water-fearing) – interaction that repels water, diminishes water solubilityHydrophilic (water- loving) - interaction that attracts water, promotes water solubilityCHEM 111 1nd Edition Lecture 22 Outline of Last Lecture I. Dipole- Dipole interactionsII. Boiling Points of Binary HydridesIII. H-Bonding in DNAOutline of Current Lecture II. DefinitionsIII. Interactions Involving Polar MoleculesIV. Combinations of ForcesCurrent Lecture Definitions: Solution: a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances Solute: component of solution that is present in smallest number of moles Solvent: component of solution that is present in largest number of moles Solubility: Maximum quantity of substance that can dissolve in a give volume of solution Miscible: Liquids that are mutually soluble in any proportion (opposite of immiscible)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Interactions Involving Polar Molecules- Ion-Dipoleo Attractive force between an ion and a molecule that has a permanent dipole- Sphere of Hydrationo Cluster of water molecules surrounding an ion in aqueous mediumo Sphere of solvation if solvent other than H2O Solubility - Solubility depends on relative strength of solute- solvent interactions compared to solute-solute or solvent- solvent- Like Dissolves Like:o Ionic/polar solutes will be soluble in polar solventso Nonpolar solutes will be soluble in nonpolar solvents. Combinations of Forces- More than one intermolecular force may need to be considered when examining solubility- Solubility decreases as relative energy of H-bonding decreases and dispersion increases Solubility Behavior- Hydrophobic (water-fearing) – interaction that repels water, diminishes water solubility- Hydrophilic (water- loving) - interaction that attracts water, promotes water
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