PSYCH 2410 1st Edition Lecture 15Outline of Eyewitness TestimonyI. Suggestibility II. Interviewer BiasIII. StereotypesIV. Questioning Outline of Theories of Emotional DevelopmentI. Development of EmotionII. Components of EmotionIII. Theories of Emotional Development IV. Emotional MilestonesV. Development of Emotional RegulationTheories of Emotional DevelopmentI. Development of Emotion- Basic emotions: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sad/distress, surprise- Why do we have emotions?o Motivate actiono Promote survivalo Communicate our feelings- Facial expressions: indicate internal feelings and help others to predict our behavior- FACS-Facial Action Coding System (Eckman and Freisen)o Each emotion corresponds to distinct muscle combinationo The FACS measures what muscles are used in which emotionII. Components of Emotion- What is emotion? All of these at the same timeo Desire to take actiono Physiological correlationo Subjective feelingso Thoughts that accompany feelings- Which comes first, feeling or physiological correlation?III. Theories of Emotional Development- Charles Darwin- The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animalso Direct link between inner emotional states and facial expressionso Links are innate, found in young babieso Human emotions based on limited set of basic emotions that are species-universal- Discrete Emotions Theory-Izardo Emotions are innateo Each emotion is associated with specific set of bodily and facial reactionso Emotions are distinct-even in early lifeo Emphasis on nature- Undifferentiated Emotions-Sroufeo Early emotions are not distincto Environment plays role in changing primitive emotions into more complex forms- Functionalism Approach- Campos, Saarnio Emotions serve functions to promote towards achieving a goalo Emphasize role of environment- There is evidence for each of these viewso Tried baby FACS More difficult to code than adult expression because of baby fat Still successful at encoding mostIV. Emotional Milestones - 1st Month: smiling (reflexive)- 3rd Month: start to see social smiles in response to environment - 7th month: smile more at familiar people- Positive, neutral, and negative emotions present at birtho By 2 months expressions for anger and sadness are distinct - Separation Anxiety: distress from leaving or being left by primary caregiver; strengthening attachment to parents (8-15months)- Self-conscious emotions (1-2 years): pride, guilt, shame, embarrassment; relate to our sense of self and our consciousness of others’ reactions to uso Embarrassment experiment: by 15-24 months, some kids are embarrassed when made center of attentiono Pride by age 3o Guilt: associated with empathy for others; remorse, regreto Shame: focus on self, rather than otherso Doll Experiment: 2 year olds play with a rigged doll and doll’s leg would fall off. Some showed shame, some showed guilto When kids are taught consequences of their actions, to repair harm, are not humiliated, they feel lovedV. Development of Emotional Regulation- Self-regulation: complex processes of controlling emotions in order to achieve one’s goals- Three developmental stages:1) dyadic regulation self-regulation- Relies on caregivers for soothing or distraction- By 6 months they begin to self-regulate2) using cognitive strategies to control negative emotion3) selecting the right regulatory