PowerPoint PresentationCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or displaySlide 3First – line defenseAnatomical barriersEpithelial barriersNormal floraTwo systems of immune responsesCells of the immune systemGranulocytesMononuclear phagocytesLymphocytesSlide 13Cell communicationSurface receptorsCytokinesAdhesion moleculesSensor systemsToll – like receptors (TLRs)Complement systemPhagocytosisProcess of phagocytosisMacrophagesNeutrophilsInflammationInitiationInflammation processSlide 28InterferonsSlide 30FeverCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or displayPowerPoint Lecture PresentationMicrobiologyA Human PerspectiveChapter 15The Innate Immune ResponseEugene NesterDenise AndersonEvans Roberts, Jr.Nancy PearsallMartha NesterTopics•First – line defense•Cells of the immune system•Cell communication•Sensor systems•Innate responses–Phagocytosis–Inflammation–Interferons–FeverFirst – line defense•Physical barriers•Antimicrobial substances•Normal floraAnatomical barriersFigure 15.1Epithelial barriersFigure 15.2Normal floraFigure 15.3Two systems of immune responses•Innate immune response: fast but non specific•Adaptive immunity : antigen specific immune responseCells of the immune system•Granulocytes•Mononuclear phagocytes•LymphocytesGranulocytesTable 15.2Mononuclear phagocytesFigure 15.5LymphocytesFigure 15.4Body has both Innate and adaptive immunity.(1), Innate immunity is non specific , . fast way to suppress infections and prevent disease but if not, disease may result (2). The adaptive immune system is then activated (3) to produce recovery (4) and a specific immunologic memory (5). Following reinfection with the same agent, no disease results (6) and the individual has acquired immunity to the infectious agent.Cell communication•Surface receptors•Cytokines•Adhesion moleculesSurface receptors•Ligand•Signal response - chemotaxis•SpecificCytokinesTable 15.3Adhesion molecules•Allow cells to adhere to other cells•Ex. Endothelial cells bind to phagocytic cells•Slow down phagocytic cell movementSensor systems•Toll – like receptors•Complement system–Classical pathway–Alternate pathwayToll – like receptors (TLRs)Figure 15.6Complement systemFigure 15.7Phagocytosis•Process of phagocytosis•Macrophages•NeutrophilsProcess of phagocytosisFigure 15.9Macrophages•Located throughout the body (Kupffer cells, alveolar, etc.)•Produce cytokines•Interact with T helper cells – activated macrophages•Help form granulomasNeutrophils•First to arrive during an immune response•Involved in inflammation•Inherently have more killing power than macrophagesInflammation•Initiation •Inflammatory process•Outcomes of inflammationInitiation•Microbial products (LPS, flagellin, DNA)•Complement cascade•Tissue damageInflammation processFigure 15.10Inflammation processFigure 15.10Interferons•Glycoproteins•Control viral infectionsInterferonsFigure 15.11Fever•Hypothalamus controls temperature•Pyrogens (endogenous or exogenous)•High temperature inhibits pathogen