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UT Knoxville ARTH 183 - Northern Song Dynasty Paintings and Ceramics and Southern Song Dynasty
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ARTH183 1st Edition Lecture 17Outline of Last LectureI. Tang Dynasty Court Art ContinuedA. “Night-Shining White,” Han Gana. Significance of subjectb. Significance of formatc. Style; typical Chinese elementsII. Song Dynasty Chinese Art (960-1279 CE)A. The Song Dynasty; history, Northern and Southerna. Development of landscape paintingB. “Travelers among Mountains and Streams,” Fan Kuana. Historical first; significance of format for periodb. “Monumental landscape style”; characteristicsc. Capturing appearance, variety of nature-Line quality, “raindrop texture stroke,” detaild. Use of black vs. color-Use of areas of unpainted silke. Role of human figures-Buddhist monk and temple; temple location f. Multi-point perspective; what it tries to showC. Bird-and-flower painting; political subtext, role/importance of the Huizong Emperor toarts in Chinaa. “Five Color Parakeet on Blossoming Apricot Tree,” Huizong Emperor-Role of Huizong Emperor in creation-Original format-Significance of calligraphy-Elements typical of style for genre (“cut branch” composition, careful arrangement, realism, detail)Outline of Current LectureI. Northern Song Dynasty: “Five Color Parakeet on Blossoming Apricot Tree” ContinuedA. Popularity and nature of subjectB. Typical elements of Song stylea. Function of realism II. “Peace Reigns Along the River,” Zhang Zeduan (act. early 12th c.). Northern Song Dynasty, late 11th-early 12th c. CE.A. Format and material These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. Handscrollb. Relationship of court paintings and silk)B. Subject: Progression from suburbs to city, features along the way and in the urban centera. Function of houses and figures-Freehand painting vs. boundary painting style; which is used whereb. Importance of the riverc. The city-Perspective of viewer-Activity on bridge and in river*Implication of types and amount of activity; potential relationship of urbanization to landscape painting-City gate*Relationship to governmentC. Probable city identity and political messageIII. Northern Song Dynasty Ceramic WorkA. “Cup Stand”a. Form and functionb. Stoneware; Ru ware-Characteristics of each*Water-resistant; color/glaze, crazing and crackle, signs of qualityc. Later developmentIV. Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279 CE)A. History of end of Northern Song, origins of Southern Songa. Effects of location change on landscape painting-Different features and emphasesb. Changes in painting size, popular formatsB. “Viewing Plum Blossoms by Moonlight”a. Formatb. Ma Yuan-His nickname and how he earned itc. Changes in style from Northern Song-Scale and activity of figures-Sense of texture vs. sense of spaceCurrent LectureNorthern Song Dynasty: “Five Color Parakeet on Blossoming Apricot Tree” ContinuedA lot of paintings of birds, flowers, animals, and children are produced in this period, notall necessarily with some deeper political or philosophical message-Like much Song Dynasty art, has lots of unpainted silk for background (no sense of context; techniques being explored in Song Dynasty landscape painting to try and capture theappearance of the real world are also seen here-Lots of detail and precise, fine brushwork; the realistic style emphasizes themessage and underscores that this was an actual gift given to the emperor, further strengthening the idea of legitimacy (most Song paintings are in this realistic mode)“Peace Reigns Along the River,” Zhang Zeduan (act. early 12 th c.). Northern Song Dynasty, late 11 th -early 12 th c. CE.A long handscroll painting of an urban scene, bustling city; starts out in the suburbs with people moving towards the city center, gradually building up and ending in the city itself. An example of a court painting (silk material is typical of the period, but especially for court art)-There is both ink and color, but it is very subdued (animal, bird, and flower paintings of this period tend to be more colorful)-Houses and figures are dotted throughout the landscape, laying out visual paths for the viewer to follow through it; more humble private houses are painted freehand as opposed to official buildings in the city done in the “boundary painting” style (uses a ruler, meticulous, detailed, precise). A variety of types of brushwork are used to show different textures, materials, surfaces-There is a river with different types of boat traffic on it-would have been an important source of commerce, trade, and travel, something the government had a great interest in-The climax of the scroll is the city proper, a densely populated area seen from a bird’s eye perspective that allows us to look into many of the buildings; people on the bridge areengaged in commerce or watching a boat and its crew about to pass under the bridge scramble to take its mast down (sense of hustle and bustle)*On bridge, see people on foot or riding animals, selling food and drink, shoes, metal instruments…shows increased urbanization of the period and aspects of diversifiedeconomy with more specialized professions (the increase in popularity of landscape painting at this time might be a result of urbanization causing nostalgia for a simpler time)*Big city gate=Most large cities had 4 that controlled access into the city; a form of government funded architecture, here a reference to the presence of government. Example of the “boundary painting” style-The subject of the painting isn’t sure, but it is thought to probably depict the Northern Song capital of Kaifeng; probably meant to convey the prosperity and good governance of the city, reflecting really well on the emperor and the government at large…we see a well-ordered society with no povertyNorthern Song Dynasty Ceramic WorkThis period is considered a high point for ceramics production, especially court ware.-“Cup Stand.” Northern Song Dynasty, ca. 1086-1125 CE: A display piece (another cup would have been inside the bowl) with an elaborate form; an example of stoneware (ceramic ware fired at a higher temperature that is impervious to water) and specifically Ru ware, which is extremely rare.*Typical color for Ru ware is a range from robin’s egg blue to light green due to the presence of iron oxide in the glaze; firing in a reduction (limited oxygen) atmosphere leads to these shades. Another feature of Ru ware is “crazing,” a fine


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UT Knoxville ARTH 183 - Northern Song Dynasty Paintings and Ceramics and Southern Song Dynasty

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