SOA 1061st Edition Lecture 27Outline of Last LectureI. Prejudice vs. Institutional RacismII. Institutional Racism or Criminal JusticeOutline of Current LectureII. Gender StratificationIII. Gender Income GapCurrent LectureGender Stratification● Gender stratification-- social system in which socio economic resources and political power are distributed based on gender● Risman-- “ gender is a structure that organizes our entire world, across all levels of sociallife. It is so embedded we do not recognize it.”○ we socialize babies before they are even born --baby nurseries (blue vs.pink)● Individual level-- socialization and identity○ things the baby learns based on their gender● Interactional level-- cultural expectations○ as a society what do we expect out of different sexes○ body types and dress affect how you attract the opposite sex○ we see it as natural and it’s not● Institutional level-- distribution of material resources and formal organizations● US population -- male = 49.3% female = 50.7%Gender Income Gap● In 2010 women earned only 81 cents for every dollar a man earns● Median pay by gender:○ male= $47,715○ female= $36,931○ because of the glass ceiling -- women are only promoted up to a certain level○ women dominate helping professions, which do not pay as well● Annual pay by gender and education○ high school -- male = $40,00 female = $30,000○ bachelors degree-- male= $64,000 female= $47,000○ masters degree-- male = $81,000 female= $59,000● Why does it persist?○ occupational segregation○ discrimination○ institutional sexism● Occupational segregation: status and pay differences○ women in high status, powerful occupations■ 20% of dentists are women■ 29% of physicians■ 10% of engineers■ 29% judges and lawyers■ 13% of politicians in congress■ 1% of CEO and
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