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UT HIS 314K - Exam 1 Study Guide

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i. Agriculture (farming): Includes ranching and farming. RRs cause the agriculture industry to grow rapidly. More crops, more livestock. We need more workers. Agriculture is the principle industry that hires Mexicans. Especially for women and children and family. Some serious child labor problems arise. Women are primarily involved in harvesting, men involved in clearing land.HIST 1nd Edition Study Guide 1Mexican American History Review Sheet Test 1 Fall 2014I. What is David Foster Wallace’s main point in his commencement speech at Runyon College and how does he help us understand the historical experiences of others?a. Wallace’s main point is the principle of empathy in which he argues we have to make a conscious effort to surpass our self centered disposition (empathy doesn't come naturally) in order to have a better understanding of those around us. In doing this, we are better able to put ourselves in other’s shoes, give them the benefit of the doubt, and appreciate various diverse historical experiences.b. We don't automatically understand the people in the past and we should consciously developing empathy for them and have a sense of social surrounding (perspective) be conscious of your surroundings and how to see the world because it will make you a better social conscious being intellectual i. Ex. One way to understand and appreciate MA history… visit the early Mexican American community in the 1900 (faced major difficult conditions to live and work under), it may be difficult to understand from our relatively privileged situation, but if we think and feel like people in their time, we can come to appreciate their cultural values like mutualismand cooperation and recognize how they got by ii. Miguel Morado: part of Voces 1. Easy with people like him to develop empathy but we need to alsoempathize with people who we don't associate with because it makes us more socially conscious 2. Mex Americans that fought in the WW23. American GI Forum understand and appreciate the positions that they took in social inequality 4. Mexicans need to acknowledge indigenous ancestry so they can connect to political community iii. Wallace story of fish assume the water was a natural part of the environment, we are self centered and don't recognize the environment around us, we take it for granted c. Wallace’s developing understanding for people in our times is Important becauseallows it to see historical people as full people and not one dimensional/ engage the subject and caring about what they think and do encourages completed knowledge on Mexican American History and a better understanding of the subject matterThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.d. How does this apply to me? I have to make a conscious decision to develop empathy to people in the past. I have to recognize their humanity. Empathy is thekey to understanding historyII. How does Camarillo use the experience of Mexicans in Santa Barbara to describe the marginalization of Mexican Americans in Southern California after the war of 1846-48?a. Camarillo wanted to figure out how Mexican people became marginalized he studied the hist of Santa Barbara as it transitioned from pueblo to new towns (1800-1900). b. He found that Mex were marginalized entering the 20 th century due to the loss ofpolitical and econ power. Then became an ethnic minority and classified as the bottom segment of US working classc. Over time Camarillo discovered using the Census and City Directory Data that Mexican Americans moved from being landowners and public officials to low wage workers. Their social structure collapses them down to socially marginalized positions. d. Marginalization incorporated Mexican Americans in Santa Barbara and southern California. Santa barb they get incorporated into low skill low wageworkers, which began the loss of land and loss of political representation. He looks to those towns to explain marginalization then looks outside of Santa barb to San Diego and shows the same result (to corroborate finding) Mex Americans werelower skilled. i. Mexicans faced violence by attorneys and in the process vacated their land Loss of econ and political power because they were so poor and loosing their land= loss of social status e. Montejano and Gonzales- other historians confirmed Camarillo’s finding III. How does Gonzales illustrate the process of Mexican marginalization in the American Southwest?a. Gonzales also examines the subject matter of marginalization. Just like Camarillo’s find in S California. He observes in a larger context: marginalization and overtaking of land and political power from Mex in the American southwestb. He looks at every state individually. He notes how Mexicans were marginalized. c. Mexicans working primarily in Agriculture, Railroad maintenance, and mining. Assigned low skill low wage jobs in developing industries at the time.i. Mining: New Mexico, Arizona, California rich in precious metals (coal silver copper)1. 1900-1940 60% of mine workers in SW were Mex2. Whites earned more than they did for same job (duel wage system)3. Hazards in tunnels and pitsii. Agriculture: cotton fields of Texas, sugar beet fields of Colorado, and wheat fields of California 1. Planting crops, harvesting crops, Irrigationiii. RRs: Mexicans were used to clear the land, lay the tracks, and maintain the RRs. Repairing the boxcars at the RR shops in major cities in the Southwest.1. No skill requiredd. Marginalization: discrimination in SW (Texas where Alamo occurred)i. Contratista- withhold wages to be sure harvesters will stay to the endii. Cotton contractors “misweighing” the cotton and jipping them of their moneyIV. Describe mutuality as a cultural value that predominated in Mexican American communities of the early 1900s.a. Mutual aid societies are the central and most popular form of community during this period comes from the artisan community (shoe makers/ skilled workers who owned their own business) org talked about being mutualist and talked about preserving their local businesses from big ones. Also mutuality is a cultural value that Mexicans practiced in Mex American towns such as Camarillo’s description of Santa Barb to promote and reinforce cooperation/ altruism, unity, and civic responsibility to sustain strong relations in the new forming communities.


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