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UA CJ 240 - Exam 2 Study Guide
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CJ240 1st EditionExam # 2 Study Guide Chapter 6-9Chapter 6 Life Course Theory Problem Behavior Syndrome- A cluster of antisocial behaviors that may include family dysfunction, substance abuse, smoking, precocious sexuality and early pregnancy, educational underachievement, suicide attempts, sensation seeking, and unemployment, as well as delinquencySampson and Laub: Age Graded Theory◦ Individual traits and childhood experiences ◦ Young adult experiences ◦ Serious problems in adolescence ◦ Positive life experiences and relationships ◦ Marriage and career are critical turning points◦ Human agency ◦ Choosing conventional paths Latent Trait Theories◦ Personal attribute or characteristic that controls their inclination or propensity to commit crimesPathways to DelinquencyPersistence and Desistence, Propensity and OpportunityAdolescent Limited OffendersKids who get into minor scrapes as youths but whose misbehavior ends when they enter adulthoodLife Course Persistent OffendersDelinquents who begin their offending career at a very early age and continue to offend well into adulthood Chapter 7Integrated Theories of DelinquencyMasculinity Hypothesis – relationship conflictCritical feminist theoryGender inequality stems from the unequal power of men and women and the subsequentexploitation of women by menSigmund Freud & early psychological explanationsMental anguish, abnormality, psychiatric problems, abusive, dysfunctional relationsLiberal Feminism TheoryFemales are less delinquent than males because their social roles provide them with feweropportunities to commit crimesHagan’s Power Control TheoryGender differences, class position, and family structureChivalry Hypothesis Cesare Lombroso – female offendersChapter 8Nuclear FamiliesA couple and their dependent children Parental efficacyWhether or not they are consistent and efficient in disciple, supervision, employment and resources Child AbusePhysical NeglectNeglect by a parent or guardian depriving children of food, shelter, health care and loveChild Abuse Prevention and Treatment Actprovides federal funding to States in support of prevention, assessment, investigation, prosecution, and treatment activities and also provides grants to public agencies and nonprofit organizations for demonstration programs and projects.Troxel V. Granvillecase in which the Supreme Court of the United States, citing a constitutional right of parents to rear their children, struck down a Washington state law that allowed any third party to petition state courts for child visitation rights over parental objections.Guardian ad litem (GAL)guardian appointed by the court to represent the interests of Infants, the unborn, orincompetent persons in legal actionsPretrial Conferencemeeting held before trial to outline the issues of a case and set timeframes for legal and procedural matters.Disposition HearingDetermines the punishment for the guilty partyReview HearingEvaluates the progress, must be held every 90 to 120 daysCoy v. Iowa John Coy was tried in an Iowa court for sexually assaulting two 13-year-old girls. When the girls were testifying against Coy, the court placed a large screen in front of him so that the girls would not have to see him. The jury proceeded to convict him. Coy argued that Iowa Code 910A, which provides for the use of a screen in child sexual abuse cases, violated his Sixth Amendment right to confront his accusers face-to-face.Chapter 9Cliques and crowds DyadsAn association with a single “best friend” CliquesSmall groups of friends who share activities and confidences Crowds Loosely organized groups of children who share interests and activitiesCo-offendingThe tendency to commit delinquent acts in small groups rather than aloneGangsGroups of youths who engage in delinquent behaviors-Long-lived institutions that have a distinct structure and organization, including identifiable leadership, division of labor, rules, rituals, and possessionsInterstitial groupSelf-recognition of gang status and special vocabulary, clothing, signs, colors, graffiti, and namesCommitment to criminal activity Jeffrey FaganSocial Gang- not very violent, more in gang for social aspect, drinking and little drug useParty Gang- in gang for party atmosphere, more drinking and drug use but very minimal crimeSerious Delinquent Gang- most violent crime gang, focuses most time on criminal activityOrganized Gang- not necessarily into violent crime, more into drug traffickingGraffitiSpray-painting on buildings and such to symbolize gang affiliation When did gangs emerge?◦ London – 1600s◦ Philadelphia – 1780s ◦ New York – 1820s ◦ 1950s and 1960s RepresentingThrowing up signs in front of rival gangs to cause an altercationGang detailsStreet workers who identify information associated with gangs. Are specially trained to identify graffiti, signs, gang members and


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UA CJ 240 - Exam 2 Study Guide

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