Geology 1350 Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I. ForcesII. Air Pressure and WindsOutline of Current Lecture I. ScalesII. Types of windsCurrent Lecture-westerlies winds are winds that come from the west- winds that move uphill can be described as onshore (up)or upslope winds, offshore winds go down-charting prevailing winds- these winds are noted by the degrees or compass direction,can be used to orient runways and smoky power plantsWind instruments- 1. Wind vanes point into the wind as of where its headed, 2. Aerovanes measure speed and direction 3. Doppler radar checks the wind speed, storms, and tornadoes4 scales- meters to 2000 km, minutes to weeks, small winds to hurricanes1Micro- turbulent eddies- slow winds, viscosity creates whirls thick winds, can create sand dunes that reveal wind direction, 2meso- sea breeze heats land faster than water , land breeze is at night caused by warmer sea all these occur when solar heating is strong, converging sea breezes createthunderstorms, and disruption of breezes reduces rain that can create fire, valley and mount. Breezes- warm mtn trigger valley breezes of moist air which creates cumulus clouds,3 synop, 4planetary – eddies and surface friction creates water waves, wind speed, duration and distance determine the height of waves, reverse flow of wind cause strong eddies which can cause turbulence for airplanes and cars (clear air turbulence) Dust devils- occur in hot days sensible heat and rising thermals of airPlanetary boundary layer- occurs due to surface friction, mixing depth increases as air heats (unstable), terrain roughness as in friction, and wind speed increases These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Vegetation- winds are faster when higher, can break tree branchesMonsoon- changes direction seasonally, in winter produces shallow high pressure, in summer air above heats and rises drawing air from oceans the convergence can creat rain Katabatic winds- thin layer of high pressure cold air going into valleys ,create thin air above warm air (unstable) Chinook fohn winds- western winds while ascending they precipitate and descending they are warm and dry location is important (western over rockies nov.-march cold) (southern over alps)Santa ana winds- warm dry wind from east to northeast , forest fires triggeredHaboob winds- desert winds form from thunderstorms (Africa sudan Arizona Sonora
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