Chem 1360 1nd Edition Study Guide 4Chapter 7-when an acid and a base are mixed, a salt and water are formed-a common substance that contains lactic acid is yogurt-the sour taste of grapefruit is due to citric acid-Arrhenius acid produces H+ in water-Arrhenius base produces OH- in water-Bronsted acid is proton donor-Bronsted base is a proton acceptor-when an equal amount of acids and bases are mixed, they neutralize each other-1.5 moles of hydrochloric acid is needed to neutralize 1.5 mol of sodium hydroxide-the pH of water is 7-HCN and CN are conjugate acid-base pairs-NH3 and H3O+ are not conjugate acid-base pairs-the leading chemical product of U.S. industry is sulfuric acid-the acid used in automobile batteries is sulfuric acid-the base often used in soap making is NaOH-the pH of the person’s stomach changes from a low value to a value nearer 7-a buffer solution is made from formic acid and sodium formate , added acid will react with HCOO--.82 pH for .15 M HCL-13.18 pH for .15 M NaOH-strong acid= HNO3-strong base= Ca(OH)2, KOH-weak acid= HCN, HF, H3PO4-strong acid= NH3the-the anhydride of zinc hydroxide is ZnO-the anhydride of selenic acid is SeO3Chapter 8-A reducing agent loses electrons-ions flow from one half of the cell to another through a porous partition-oxidation-reduction reaction is the corrosion of iron-corrosion of Al is not as big a problem as corrosion of iron because Al forms an oxide layer that adheres to the metal’s surface-in a typical explosive reaction liquids or solids are converted to gases-the oxidizing agent in black powder is potassium nitrate-bleach for hair usually contains hydrogen peroxide-many disinfectants are oxidizing agents-Cl2 and SO2 are common oxidizing agents-H2 and C are common reducing agents-a catalyst changes the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy-hydrogen gas can be produced by reacting an active metal such as zinc with an acid-modern blimps are filled with helium because hydrogen is highly flammable-the main process by which animals obtain energy from food is cellular respiration--the only natural process that produces O2 is
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