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UB AAS 100 - Exam 2 Study Guide

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AAS 100 1nd EditionExam # 2 Study GuideLecture 1 (August 28)Contemporary AfricaThings to Know:- Africa makes up 15% of the world’s population – 1.1 billion people- Youngest continent because of high death rates due to poor health care- 2000 languages spoken in Africa- East Africa is said to be the birth place of civilizationo Lucy – oldest skeleton found in Ethiopia that resembles a species similar to that of the modern human race- Berlin Conference – the reason Africa is split into so many different countries and regions.o Determined political boundaries (19th century) that are present todayo Scramble for Africa – convened by King Leopold II- King Leopold II – King of Belgium that invaded Congo in search of rubber- Force Publique – Police force that was used to enforce policies (reaching the quota for rubber produced by each citizen) under King Leopold IIo Broken laws were punishable by death- The Advent of Independence o Beginning after 1945, independence movement began across Africa because Europe was weak from WWII and easily let their colonies go.o Over the next decade, after 1957, all the colonies in Africa won independence- Egungun ceremonies- Vodun Day – new year celebration- Threats to African Progresso Disease/ poor healthcare (HIV/AIDS, Ebola)o Educationo Lack of technologyo Lack of material resourceso Corruption of the governmentLecture 2 (September 2) Chinua Achebe- “grandfather of African literature”- Best known for Things Fall Aparto Inspiration = Joyce Cary’s Mister Johnson (1939)o Thought it was superficial and wrote his story on the same issue from a different view point- Achebe’s Preoccupations and Writing Styleo Themes: Christianity, Africans values, oral tradition, Igbo traditions- Characters to know:o Okonkwoo Unofao Ikemefumao Nwoyeo Ezinmao Ekwefio Obierika- Themes to Consider: ** indicate key themeso Fate vs. Freewill**o Memory/Documentaryo Social Disintegrationo Masculinity/Patriarchy vs. Feminism**o Fear**o Beliefo Justice- Know what a proverb is and be able to recognize them and decipher it’s meaningo Ex. “Looking at a king’s mouth one would think he never sucked at his mother’s breast” p. 26, Things Fall Aparto In reference to Okonkwo, this means that he thinks he is better than everyone else because he is successful and has little tolerance for people who are not as successful/ lazy.- Know what Chi is and how it can be related to the characters:o Chi = personal god (chapter 4)o “If you say yes, your chi says yes also”- Know traditional Ibo culture based on examples offered in the booko Ex. Ceremonies, laws, marriage, etc.Discussion Questions to Consider:1. What do the constant references to gender say about Okonkwo? What does it say about Igbo culture?2. There is an issue here of fate versus personal control over destiny. For example, Okonkwo's father is sometimes held responsible for his own actions, while at other times he is referred to as ill-fated and a victim of evil-fortune. Which do you think Okonkwo believes is true? What do you think Achebe believes is true? What do you believe?3. Of Ezinma, Okonkwo thinks: "She should have been a boy" (p. 64). Why is it necessary tothe story that Okonkwo's most favored child be a girl?4. In another introduction to the major rituals of Ibo life, Achebe depicts a funeral scene. What are some other scenes that he includes to give the reader a sense of traditional Igbo society?5. How is the accident at the funeral related to the infiltration of Western technology into atraditional culture? 6. Okonkwo has killed people before this. What makes this incident so serious?7. How does the story of the destruction of Abame summarize the experience of colonization?8. Make some general observations about the coming of the white man to the area.9. Why do you think Nwoye has become a Christian? Why does the new religion appeal to Nwoye?Exam #2 Study Guide Lectures 8 – 16Lecture 8 (September 18)The Transatlantic Slave Trade- The transportation and enslavement of Africans to the colonies in the New World across the Atlantic Ocean- 16th-19th centuries- Most slaves were taken from Western and Central Africa and taken to North and South America in exchange for goods such as silver, sugar, coffee, and on plantations planting cotton, rice, indigo and tobacco- The goods in America that were cared for by slaves were then taken back to Europe in exchange for more goods which were sent to Africa in exchange for more slaves  Triangular Trade- The Middle Passage**o The passage taken by slaves ships from Africa to bring slaves to Americao Slaves were living in the poorest conditions, many died on the voyage due to disease (due to fecal matter everywhere, rats and close spaces), starvation and several cases of suicide.o The ships also carried slave traders, and goods to trade in the New Worldo At least 10 million people had been transported across the Middle Passageo Refer to the movie**- Maafa: Swahili for disaster/ holocausto Refers to the 500 years of African suffering during colonization, enslavement, imperialism, oppression and invasiono Also refers to African disasporao Diaspora: the dispersion of a people outside their homeland- Largest oceanic migration of a group of people in the history of the worldo For every 1 european there were 4 Africans brought to the New World- Slavery has been around since the beginning of civilization as various forms of servitude- Also know as “bondage” in varying degreeso Vassals – bound by mutual obligationo Pawns – temporarily enslaved usually to form a business agreemento Indentures – obligated to serve a master for a certain amount of time and usuallyin exchange for moneyo Serfs – had limited freedom and bound to their master’s land but had the same rights as citizenso Slaves – usually a stranger or captive with no ties to the lando Chattel Slaves – the most dehumanizing form of slavery; slaves are considered the property of their masters; remained bound for live and their children inherited their status- Before the Slave Trade: Africa has highly developed cities such as Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Songhai, and Lunda- There are cases of forced cross continental voyages by Africans in the sub Saharan region- Europeans had been involved in Africa long before the Slave Trade began, but by 1500, Europeans set up coastal slave trading ports- Pedro Alonso Nino –


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