IntroductionHistory of Native AmericansIntroductions from the white settlersBureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)Current DemographicsSocioeconomic StatusII. WorldviewHarmonyReligionFamilyTraditional Health Beliefs and PracticesCauses of Illness:Treatment: Holistic ApproachTraditional Food HabitsIndigenous FoodsStaples for most all: The Three SistersFoods Introduced by the EuropeansRegional VariationsIV. Meal Composition and CyclesDaily PatternsSpecial OccasionsV. Role of Food in Native American Culture and EtiquetteTherapeutic Uses of FoodAdaptation of Food HabitsMeal Composition and CycleVII. Nutritional StatusNutritional IntakeCounselingVerbal is BestNonverbal CommunicationCounseling ApproachesAccess to CareIntroductionNorthern European Countries that immigrated to the US: Ireland, France, and Great BritainCurrent Demographics and Socioeconomic StatusBritish and IrishFrenchWorldview: ReligionWorldview: FamilyTraditional Health Beliefs and PracticesTraditional Food HabitsIngredients and common FoodsCooking StylesMeal Composition and Cycle: Daily PatternGreat Britain/ IrelandMeal Composition and CycleFour Meals dailyFranceMeal Composition and Cycle3 meals/ day with little snackingEtiquetteSpecial OccasionsTherapeutic Uses of FoodAdaptations of Food HabitsNutritional StatusCounselingSouthern European Countries Italy, Southern France, Spain and PortugalHistory of Southern Europeans in the USWorldviewTraditional health Beliefs and PracticesTraditional Food HabitsIngredients and Common Foods: Foreign InfluenceMeal Composition and Cycle: Daily PatternsEtiquetteSpecial OccasionsTherapeutic Uses of FoodContemporary Food Habits in the USNutritional StatusCounseling: Southern EuropeansCentral Europeans and the People of Former Soviet UnionIntroductionImmigration Patterns and Socioeconomic InfluencesWorldview- Religion:GermansEarly Immigrants primarily LutheransPolesMainly CatholicsCentral EuropeansAustrians, Slovaks, and UkrainiansGypsiesFollow their traditional spirituality, Romaniya: Separate ReligionWorldview - FamilyTraditional Health Beliefs and Practices: GermansTraditional Health Beliefs and Practices: Polish AmericansTraditional Health Beliefs and Practices: GypsiesTraditional Health Beliefs and Practices: Russian and the FSUTraditional Health Beliefs and Practices: Russian OnlyTraditional Food habitsStaples and Regional VariationsIngredients and Common Foods: BreadsMeal Composition and CycleSpecial OccasionsTherapeutic Use of FoodAdaptations of Food Habits in The USNutritional StatusCounselingScandinavians: Sweden, Norway, Finland, and IcelandCurrent DemographicsWorldview: ReligionWorldview: FamilyTraditional Health Beliefs and PracticesTraditional Food HabitsIngredients and Common Foods: Staples and Regional VariationsMeal Composition and Cycle: Daily PatternsEtiquetteSpecial Occasions: Not always related to Religious OccasionsSpecial Occasions: ChristmasAdaptations of Food HabitsNutritional Status: IntakeCounselingNUTR 1010 1st EditionExam 2 Study GuideChapter Title Page5 Native Americans 26 Northern and Southern Europe147 Central Europe, People of the Former Soviet Union, and Scandinavia24Native AmericansIntroduction The largest number of minority ethnic groups in the US American Indian (AI) and Alaska Natives (AN) are used for Native Americans and comprised of:o American Indianso Inuitso Aleuts Most live west of the Mississippi River; about ½ live in rural areas Traditional foods that have contributions to the American Diet include:o Corn, Squash, beans, cranberries and maple syrup.History of Native Americans About 20,000- 50,000 years ago came across the Bering Straight from (Asiato Alaska) (although some evidence suggest it might have been earlier) Because they have a verbal language, there are no written records to record history1. 3 Major Centers of American Indian Culture Southeast “ Five Civilized Tribes”11NUTR 1010 1st Edition1. Cherokees,2. Chicasaws3. Chocotaws4. Creeks5. SeminolesNew York State IroquoisSouthwest(Rio Grande and Little Colorado Rivers)Pueblo Communities Hardships of relocation involuntary relocation and deaths caused by illnessand assault may have caused the extinction of nearly one quarter of all NA Ethnic Groups By 19th Century most lived on reservationsIntroductions from the white settlers Horses, Firearms, and Metal Knives, iron pots: made hunting and cooking easier Introduced to distilled spirits Changed the changed the lifestyle of many nations Resulted in the stereotyping of the buffalo-hunting horseman with a feathered headdress who came to represent all American Indian ethnic groupsBureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)  Took over the administration of the reservations in 20th centuryo There was no law on the reservationso The Government paid them  Established a program to improve assimilation However, in many cases their religious beliefs were strengthened and theirinvolvement in the NA community deepened to support their ethnic identityCurrent Demographics States with the largest #s:o CA, OK, AZo Largest Ethnic Group in in Alaska For those who do not live on the reservation, they still enjoy the benefits from themSocioeconomic Status Declined with forced immigration of 19th century22NUTR 1010 1st Edition Unemployment rate high; but lower than the average population Median earnings 25% less than average Poverty rate low, more than double that of average population of 2008 in US, poverty is higho There are some tribal differences, Cherokee is highest 24% did not finish high school or equivalentII. WorldviewHarmony Best describes NA approach to life Earth is well cared for Generosity is valued Competitiveness discouraged Individual rights are highly regarded Personal autonomy is protected through principle for noninterference Time is without beginning or end Present Oriented: Needs of the moment are emphasized over the possible rewards of the futureReligion Varieso Catholic, Protestant, Mixed (Mix Christianity with other religions), in Southwest they hold their traditional religions (i.e. Sweat Lodge) All share one belief that religion permeates all aspects of life Religious concepts influence both the physical and emotional well being ofthe individualFamily Many Live with Extended family Primary social unit is extended family Children are highly valued Great respect for elders Matrilineal: lineage inherited by mother- Property inherited