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UW-Madison SOCWORK 453 - Psychedelics

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Drop-in exam reviewSchool of Social Work, Rm. 307Wednesday October 22 8am-12pmMonday October 27, 11pm-3pmNo appointment necessaryTopicsClassification, terminology, and epidemiology of common psychedelicsDesired and undesired effectsGoalsUnderstand recreational and medical use of psychedelicsBecome familiar with consequence of useVideo: Very warping experience. Looked like nature was breathing.Almost looked like things were melting. People on hallucinogens take the drugs to get this experience.General effectsPsychedelic: alter cognition and perceptionAcute awareness of all sensationsIllusionsMisrepresentation of external stimuliDelusionsFalse, unswayable ideas and beliefsHallucinationsSensory experience not from external stimuliMore common with peyote, psilocybin, and PCPHallucination is what you see that is completely not there.Illusions mean perceiving something that is actually in the environment but you perceive it differently.Delusions are the experience of when you think something is going on but it isn’t going on at all. You may think that something has happened or someone is out to get you. People tend to have similar delusions.These are the most common experiences that people get.LSD acid, mushrooms, cannabis (weed can produce psychedelic effects)Desired effectsSynesthesiaMixing of the senses, e.g. seeing soundsIntrospectionIllusions and hallucinationsSpiritual experiences and mystical statesIf you are zoning out on psychedelics you may see water move at the same speed as the beat of the musicSome people use these drugs for the fun get high experience. Or other people use them to have a spiritual or mystical experience.Introspection: thinking about life in a whole new way. Or in other words, someone has reviewed problems and had a whole new perspective on things or the problems.Acid lasts a lot longer then mushrooms. Effects settle in slowly but then all of a sudden you start tripping, you have peak experiences. That is where you are really messed up and where mystical experiences start to kick in. But then it wears off after time. For mushrooms the experience can last from 4-6 hours. Acid can last up to 12 hours.Different for each drug, but same effectsUndesired effectsImpaired reasoning, judgment, and memoryEffects are state-dependent“Bad trips”Impending doom, anxiety, panic, paranoiaThere was a time where someone jumped off a roof because they thought they could fly. This is bad judgment/reasoning. This is rare.The negative feelings you have from work or something else that will go into the trip as well. If you have positive feelings it will be a better trip.Sometimes people worry about dying or are very anxious when they are tripping.Video: Bad trip.A scary visual of a wall breaking.Really depends on the drug you are taking. Some drugs can have more intense hallucinations.Past Month Use of Selected Illicit Drugs among Young Adults Aged 18 to 25: 2002-201020% of people here will say they have used illicit drugsMarijuana is considered a psychedelic and that is pretty high. But other hallucinogens is pretty slow, only about 2%.Prevalence and comorbidityTwelve-month prevalence among United States adultsThis is the DSM substance use disorder numberCannabis use disorder 1.5%Hallucinogen use disorder 0.1%These drugs have a pretty low prevalence of use and a pretty low prevalence of addiction.Indoles: LSD and mushroomsLSD is known as acidSemisynthetic, derived from fungus or plantsDissolvable powder, easily liquefied and crystalizedPaper, gel tabs, sugar cubesThis is not a drug that is smoked.If taken at a strong dose it will induce extremely strong hallucinationsPsilocybin mushrooms“Shrooms”100+ species of mushroomsThis is a lot briefer then acidOther psychedelicsPeyoteMescaline from peyote cactusHallucinations more common than in LSDActive ingredient in Peyote is MescalineThey are like buttons, people take 3-4 to get high.MDMA (ecstasy)3, 4-methyl-enedioxymethamphetamine (closely related to an amphetamine)Stimulant and psychedelic effects, hallucinations uncommonMDMA is a club drug. It creates an emotional experience where you just want to cuddle people.Stimulant effects but psychedelic effects as wellMore of a drug taken for a social experience, to bond with others or go to a club and dance.It would be classified as a psychedelic but has stimulant effects.Typically this is laced with other substances such as amphetamines.Polydrug use common among ecstasy usersPolydrug means that a person using the drugs are using multiple drugs at one timeWhat is interesting is that ecstasy is very common to also be on other drugs as well.Among the few ecstasy users they use multiple drugs, they seek alternate experiences from other drugs. They use multiple substances.Any one else who uses drugs that aren’t ecstasy together is much lower.Mechanism of actionMost hallucinogen inducing psychedelics act on several neurotransmitters, but primarily Serotonin in the following areas:Limbic system (emotional center of the brain)Sensory perception systems, especially visual and auditoryMakes sense that effects people having when they are on these drugs tend to map onto brain areas that are effect chemically.Risks associated with useShort-term memory impairmentProlonged drug effects from heavy use, essentially psychosis“Flashbacks” this is having a mini psychedelic experience. These go away over time. It can be from not sleeping or feeling sick.Concern that psychedelic use may provoke provoking onset of psychiatric illnessesMDMA likely the most risky of these substancesNeural cell death associated with thought and memory impairmentSimilar to meth because component of neurotoxicity. Some cell death is experienced. People do have long-term impairments from heavy use of ecstasy.People on these drugs will not be communicating in a normal way.If you take the drugs day after day, the effects can become part of your normal life.After time it can wear off, but it can take a while to go back to normal. It would be scary if your family member thinks they are a wizard, effect after the drug, and not knowing if they will come back to normal.Adulteration or “lacing”Lacing is putting another substance into a drug that has different effectsMany psychedelic drugs are subject to tampering“Laced” to augment effects of weaker drugFully replaced with available or lower cost drugUp to half of ecstasy pills contain no MDMAReplaced with ketamine, methamphetamine, etc.Often do not know what you are


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UW-Madison SOCWORK 453 - Psychedelics

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