RPSE 300 1st Edition Exam 1 Study Guide Chapter 1 Special Education in Context Exceptional children children who deviate from the norm to such an extent that special educational services are required just because a student is identified as exceptional does not mean he or she will require a special education Disability inability or incapacity to perform a task or an activity in a normative fashion Handicap difficulties imposed by the environment on a person with a disability ex a girl in a wheel chair is handicapped in getting upstairs or to the bathroom but not in her calculus class Handicapism the unequal and differential treatment accorded to individuals with a disability Developmental delay term defined by individual states referring to children ages 3 to 9 who perform significantly below developmental norms At risk infant or child who has a high probability of exhibiting delays in development or developing a disability Special education specifically designed instruction to meet the unique needs of an individual recognized as exceptional Related services services defined by federal law whose purpose is to assist a student with exceptionalities derive benefit from a special education Category label assigned to individuals who share common characteristics or features Noncategorical programs developed based on student needs and common instructional requirements rather than on disability many people believe labeling categorizing is detrimental and thus use noncategorical methods which focuses on instructional needs of the pupils rather than the etiology of the disability still often classify the severity of impairment mild moderate profound etc Incidence rate of inception number of new cases appearing in the population within a specific time period Prevalence total number of individuals in a given category during a particular period of time Department of Education releases a report Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of the Individuals with Disabilities Act based on data supplied by various states 5 8 millions btwn age of 6 21 received a special education during the 2008 2009 school year learning disabilities account for slightly half of all pupils with disabilities and those with dual sensory impairments deaf blindness account for the least 02 number receiving special education grows tremendously each year since 1976 1977 has grown 89 those identified as having learning disabilities has grown from 25 to almost 50 since 1976 also other health impairments category has grown probably because of the inclusion of ADHD since 1991 preschoolers are required entitled to a special education if needed infants 0 2 and gifted students do not require a special education although infants often work with a family plan History of Special Education father of special education Jean Marc Gaspard Itard who tried to help the wolf boy Victor learn after he was raised in the wild 1799 he used sensorimotor teaching Itard s student Eduard Seguin developed instructional programs for those children that others deemed unable to learn wrote Idiocy And Its Treatment by the Physiological Method some of these innovations were brought to America in the 1800s ex Seguin came to US and helped establish American Association on the Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities ex Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet traveled to Europe to study teaching deaf individuals helped establish the American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb currently known as The American School for the Deaf and had Gallaudet University named after him by the middle of the 19th century institutions that mainly served for care for individuals gave way and were supported by philanthropists by end of the nineteenth century they were a fabric of society and very common including some education deteriorated at beginning of 20 th century to be a place looked upon negatively and for those forgotten and neglected see pg 18 for other contributors to development of special education services for children began to develop in the early 20 th century for those privileged enough to go to school the first classrooms were self contained Self contained separate classroom for children with disabilities usually found in a public school after World War II advocacy legislation etc expanded special education in 1948 12 of children with disabilities got a special education by 1972 expanded 716 percent 82 increase in total enrollment mid 1970s to now it is right children have see page 21 for key dates in history of special education in the US Collaboration how individuals work together a style of interaction among professionals use consultation services and service delivery teams Consultation Services make gen ed classroom more inclusive either receive advice from other professionals indirect or from them explicitly direct this helps the student because no one field or professional have all of the answers Consultation focused problem solving process in which one individual offers support and expertise to another person Service Delivery Teams an actual team is constructed where group has purpose and function derived from common philosophy and shared goals three types multidisciplinary interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary Individualized education program IEP written detailed plan developed by a team for each pupil 3 21 who receives a special education a management tool Multidisciplinary team group of professionals from different disciplines who function as a team but perform their roles independent of one another do not interact or collaborate not very family friendly characterized similar to a patchwork quilt Interdisciplinary team group of professionals from different disciplines who function as a team but work independently recommendation however are the result of sharing information and joint planning evaluations are individual but program development and instructional recommendation are from sharing and joint planning integrate plan and holistic view of strengths needs of child families meet with entire team or reps many cases special educator performs this role Transdisciplinary team group of professionals from different disciplines who function as a team but work independently however they share roles and a peer is identified as the primary interventionist share roles and is a primary therapist built of strengths of interdisciplinary individually assess at first and then teach their skills to the primary considered the team leader often an educator very integrated