PSYCH 105 Lecture 10 Ch. 5Outline of Current Lecture I. Shaping BehaviorII. Contemporary FactorsIII. Classical vs. OperantIV. Observational LearningV. Mirror NeuronsCurrent LectureI. Shaping Behavior- Shapingo Selectively reinforcing successively closer approximations of a goal behavior until the goal behavior is displayed- Continuous reinforcemento Reinforcing every occurrence- Partial reinforcemento Reinforcement occurs only sometimes- Fixed ration (FR) schedule- Variable ratio (VR) schedule- Fixed-interval (FI) schedule- Variable-interval (VI) scheduleII. Contemporary Factors- Cognitiveo Cognitive plays important role in learning complex behavior- Latent Learningo Learning that occurs in absence of reinforcement but it is not demonstrated until a reinforce becomes available- Evolutionaryo Instinctive drift: Tendency of an animal to revert to instinctive behaviors that can interfere with operantly conditioned responsesIII. Classical vs. OperantClassical OperantType of behavior Reflexive, involuntary Nonreflexive, voluntarySource of behavior Elicited by stimulus Elicited by organismThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Basis of learning Associate two stimuli Associate response and consequenceResponse conditioned Physiological and emotionalresponseActive behaviorCognitive aspects CS reliably predicts the UCS Performance influenced by expectation of consequencesIV. Observational Learning- Reinforcement is NOT essential for learning- Expectation of reinforcement affects the performance of what has been learnedo Pay attention to behavioro Remember the behavioro Transform mental representationV. Mirror neurons- Neurons that fire both when action is performed and when action is perceived- How does Media effect observational learning?o Factors that increase imitation  See behavior being rewarded Warm, nurturing people People who have control on influence of your life Similarities in terms of age, sex, interests Perceived as higher social status Imitation is not too easy or too difficult Lack confidence Unfamiliar