PSYCH 105 Lecture 9 Ch. 5Outline of Current Lecture I. Classical ConditioningII. Pavlov’s DogIII. Operant ConditioningIV. B.F. SkinnerV. Reinforcement vs. PunishmentVI. More on ReinforcersCurrent LectureI. Classical Conditioning- Behavior elicited automatically by a stimuluso Behavior: an objective, measurable, change in responseo Elicit: to draw out or bring forth an existing behavioro Automatically: to draw out or bring forth an existing, unlearned, behavioro Stimulus: to draw out or bring forth an existing, unlearned, behavior as a result of learning to associate neutral stimuli- 2 stimuli repeatedly paired- Pairing a unconditioned stimulus with an unlearned, natural stimulus that automatically elicits a reflexive response- Repeated pairings of both stimuli- In the absence of the natural stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus elicits a response…conditioned stimulusII. Pavlov’s Dog- UCS: Causes automatic response (unconditioned stimulus)- UCR: Automatic response (unconditioned response)- CR: Learned automatic response (conditioned response)- CS: Now also causes automatic response (conditioned stimulus)III. Operant Conditioning - The Law of Effect – Edward Thorndikeo Behaviors that produce satisfying outcomes are maintainedo Behaviors that produce dissatisfying outcomes are weekendo Trial and errorIV. B.F. SkinnerThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Operant: Active behavior that operates upon the environment to generate consequences- Consequences: Reinforcemento A stimulus aimed to increase likelihood of a behavioro A reinforce must have desirable outcomes to whoever is performing the behavior- Punishmento A stimulus aimed to decrease likelihood of a behavioro A punishment should be aversive to whoever is performing the behaviorV. Reinforcement vs. Punishment- Positive: adding a stimulus- Negative: subtracting a stimuluso Not necessarily good or bad…- Positive:o Extra choreo Time outo Verbal scolding- Negative:o Taking away play time o Take away chores when behavior is good- Positive reinforcemento Adding of a stimulus to promote a behavior- Negative reinforcemento Removing a stimulus to promote a behavior- Positive Punishment (punishment by application)o Adding a stimulus to remove a behavior- Negative punishment (Punishment by removal)o Removing a stimulus to remove a behaviorVI. More on Reinforcers- Primary reinforce: something naturally reinforcing- Conditioned reinforce: (Secondary) acquired through association with a primary
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