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UT Arlington BIOL 3303 - Major Narcotics
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Lecture 13Outline of Last LectureI. CocaineII. Amphetaminesa. Historyb. Patterns of Meth Abusec. Different Forms of Amphetaminesd. Mechanism of Action e. Side EffectsOutline of Current Lecture III. Amphetaminesa. Therapeutic Useb. Athleticsc. Journal ReviewIV. Major Narcoticsa. Historyb. Effects of Narcoticsc. Medical UseCurrent Lecture Last lecture we did not get to finish talking about some of the main purposed of using amphetamines for therapeutic use. One example of this drug is Strattera, it is a norepinephrine based mechanism that increases the performance by decreasing fatigue, but they do not actually make you smarter, some people refer this drug as “smart pill.” Other people who use amphetamines are professional athletes, the main concern of their used of this drug is the acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, and dependence potential. This drug closely resemble the acute toxicity of cocaine, for chronic use causes amphetamine psychosis, compulsive and repetitive actions and the dependence is the same as cocaine. In class, we discussed over a journal paper doneto research the effects of enhancing learning and memory of the use of this drug. In the research they used pond snails by giving them methamphetamines to study the long term effect of memory, extinction, and reinstatement of apparently conditioned respiratory behavior. The results of the study showed a strengtheningof long-term memory by meth. The main point to take across this study, is that even though there is proof of long-term memory effects, keep in mind of the effects meth or amphetamines. There is the good side, but there is more negative side effect of using meth. Now that we have concluded the topic of amphetamines, we will now discuss the major narcotics used today. In this chapter, we will discuss mainly about opium and the derivatives of their compound phenanthrene. The one thing to keep in mind is that opium is the first line of defense for pain, but also the worst. We need to first discuss how these narcotics came to be as we now know them. Opium itself comes from the poppy flower, but there is a natural compounds found in opium that have been derived or synthesis These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. BIOL 3303 1st Editionto use for different purpose. There are many, but we will talk about three important one to know and they are morphine, codeine, and thebaine, but the general name of these three compounds is called phenanthrene. The first one we will talk about is thebaine, this type of drug is not used therapeutically. Two main types of known drugs one is Naloxone and Naltrexone. These types of drugs are antagonist for the counter effect of cocaine. So person who took a high dosage of cocaine, would give them thebaine like drugs. The disadvantage of this drug is that it produces very painful effects because the drug is reversing the effects of heroin. Codeine is compared to morphine because they produce less analgesia, sedation feeling, or respiratory depression. Thisdrug is often prescribes for the relief of moderate pain with an aspirin or acetaminophen. Scientists also found that they are really good cough suppressant back when they were first discovered, today they do not contain this drug in cough suppressant, keep in mind that all narcotics have this effect. The use of this drug was popular back then because there were no antibiotic medications and the only we to relieve pain was codeine. The last most and known drug is morphine, this is the gold standard for producing new pain relieving medication. This is the principle constituent of opium and one of the most effective drugs for pain relief. This drug is administer orally, subcutaneously, or through I.V. The only side effect for using morphing is the development of tolerance and dependence. The effects of narcotics, specifically opium and opium related are very similar. First their initial feeling ofintense euphoria, then is followed by drowsiness. The main thing happening in the brain is the release of histamine that is why the narcotics relief pain, histamines are neurotransmitters that help relief when in hurt inthe body. Narcotics, have some physical seen effects that can be detected by someone else, such as constrictedpupils, depressed breathing, decreased blood pressure, constipation, nausea, and vomiting. There is little concern with chronic toxicity (i.e. damage to tissue or organ systems), the main issue comes from use of needle. Because people can administer drug through i.v., people can transfer disease like HIV, through sharing infected needles. Some of the main medical use for the use of narcotics is the treatment of pain, diarrhea, and they are very good cough suppressant. Cough suppressants are used today is typically for dextromethorphan and they contain no narcotic ingredients. The main target for the use of narcotics is the quality of the affect (experienceof pain). These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a


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