Current LectureAtomic Orbitals and BondsValence Bond Theory (Linus Pauling)Quantum mechanics- based modelSigma (σ) Bond:Covalent bond having highest electron density between the two atoms along the bond axisHybridization: Sp3 OrbitalsHybridization: Mixing of atomic orbitals to generate new sets of equivalent orbitals that form covalent bonds with other atomsTetrahedral Sigma BondsTetrahedral orientation of sp3 hybridized orbitals = tetrahedral molecular geometryOverlap of 1s with sp3 orbitalsSp2 HybridizationPi (π) bondElectron density is concentrated above/ below the bonding axisLinear: sp HybridizationTrigonal Bipyrimidal sp3d HybridizationFormed by mixing one s, one d, and three p orbitalsOctahedral: sp3d2 HybridizationFormed by mixing one s, two d, and three p orbitalsCHEM 111 1nd Edition Lecture 19 Outline of Last Lecture I. ReviewII. VSEPRIII. Molecular GeometryOutline of Current Lecture II. Atomic Orbital and BondsIII. Hybridization Current LectureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Atomic Orbitals and Bonds- Valence Bond Theory (Linus Pauling)o Quantum mechanics- based model- Sigma (σ) Bond:o Covalent bond having highest electron density between the two atoms along the bond axis Hybridization: Sp3 OrbitalsHybridization: Mixing of atomic orbitals to generate new sets of equivalent orbitals that form covalent bonds with other atoms Tetrahedral Sigma Bonds- Tetrahedral orientation of sp3 hybridized orbitals = tetrahedral molecular geometryo Overlap of 1s with sp3 orbitals Sp2 Hybridization- Pi (π) bondo Electron density is concentrated above/ below the bonding axis Linear: sp Hybridization Trigonal Bipyrimidal sp 3 d Hybridization- Formed by mixing one s, one d, and three p orbitals Octahedral: sp 3 d 2 Hybridization- Formed by mixing one s, two d, and three p
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