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UGA CBIO 2200 - Movements of the Synovial Joint
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CBIO 2200 1nd Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I. HormonesII. Phosphate HomeostasisIII. Factors Affecting BoneIV. Fractures and Their RepairsV. Bones of the Skeletal SystemVI. The SkullVII. General Functions of the Vertebral Column VIII. Vertebrae AbnormalitiesIX. 7 Cervical VertebraeOutline of Current Lecture I. Movements of Synovial JointsII. The Shoulder JointIII. The Elbow JointIV. Knee JointV. ArthritisCurrent LectureI. Movements of Synovial Jointsa. Flexion and Extension of Synovial Jointsi. Flexionii. ExtensionThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iii. Hyperextension – beyond normal range of extension1. Can cause injuries to ligamentsiv. Zero position/anatomical position – point from which we talk about movement; movement deviates from 0 positionb. Abduction and Adductioni. Abduction – away from midline1. Hyper-abductionii. Adduction – toward midline1. Hyper-adduction – goes past midlinec. Elevation and Depressioni. Elevation of shouldersii. Depression of shouldersd. Protraction and retractione. Circumduction – involves flexion, abduction, adduction; includes almost all other movementsf. Supination and Pronationi. Primarily forearm movementii. Supination – rotate away from midlineiii. Pronation - rotate toward midlineg. Special movements of H (LOOK UP)h. Special movements of hand and digitsi. Abduction of the fingersii. Adduction of the fingersiii. Flexion of the thumbiv. Extension of thumbi. Special movements of the footi. Dorsiflexion – flexing upwardsii. Plantar flex – pointing footiii. Inversion – turning foot inward toward midlineiv. Eversion – turning plantar surfaces out away from midlineII. The shoulder jointa. A.k.a. Glenohumeral (humeroscapular) joint b. Most moveable joint in bodyc. It is very susceptible to injury due to wide range of motiond. Ligaments and tendons hold it togetheri. Biceps brachii tendon anteriorly and rotator cuff tendonsii. Rotator cuff muscles (SITS) know1. Supraspinatous muscle2. Teres minor muscle3. Subscapularis muscle4. Infraspinatous muscleIII. The Elbow Jointa. Composed of two articulationsi. Humeroulnar jointii. Humeroradial joint1. Both enclosed by single joint capsuleb. Ulnar nerve around elbow (what we call the funny bone)IV. Knee joint – most complex jointa. Tibiofemoral (knee) joint – between tibia and femuri. Diarthrotic jointb. Patellofemoral joint – between patella and femuri. Sliding jointc. Tears in the Meniscii. Radial tearii. Bucket handle teariii. Parrot’s beak teariv. Horizontal tearv. Root tearvi. Degenerative teard. Popliteal region – back of kneee. Anterior cruciate ligament – when this is loose, causes hyperextensionf. Posterior cruciate ligament – keeps femur and tibia from shift backwardsg. Injuries and Arthroscopic surgeryi. Most common injuries (most from sports)1. Meniscus2. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)V. Arthritisa. Inflammation of the jointsb. Two main typesi. Osteoarthritis (OA) – “wear and tear” most common type1. Often get bone spurs – little pieces of bone that stick out; caused by pressure in abnormal placesii. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) – autoimmune disorder against the joint tissues; synovial joint causes body to produce antibodies1. Ankylosis – joints begin to fuse together2. Inflammation of membranes around heart and


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