BIOL 302 1nd Edition Lecture 12Outline of Last LectureI. CentromeresII. ChromatinIII. NucleosomesIV. Protein Coding GeneV. Gene StructureOutline of Current Lecture1. Gene Expression2. RNA polymeraseCurrent LectureI. Gene Expressiona. Promoter: signals cells where to transcribe RNA, specific DNA sequence recognized by RNA polymerase b. RNA polymerase binds to the conserved DNA sequence polymerase nucleotidesII. RNA Polymerasea. Core polymerase: i. Alpha (2 copies) = 350 aaii. Beta = 151,000 aaiii. Beta prime = 150,000 aaiv. Beta factor: specifiesthe core polyermeraseb. Core polymerase is NOT SPECIFIC (4 subunits) + sigma and is any DNA. c. Multiple sigma factors different specificities d. Eukaryotic promoteri. More complex ~ 15 protein unitsii. 3 RNA polymerases1. rRna: ribosomal, noncoding (don’t make proteins) 2. mRNA: protein coding; some miRNA3. tRNA: small rRNA, small RNA e. RNA polymerase binds to proteins not DNAf. Central transcription factors are found in every RNA polyermase II factorsg. Protein kinase: adds phosphate to other proteinsh. 30 – 40 nucleotides per secondi. Dystrofin: largest gene (2 million nucleotides) ~ 11 hoursThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.j. TFTTD = binds to TATA & first stepk. TFTTH = phosphorylationl. How do we know these proteisn bind to DNA?i. Electrophoretic mobility shifii. 4 parts:1. Piece of DNA (75-100 bp)2. Proteins nuclear extract a purified protein (TFTTD)3. Binding reaction4. Gel electrophotesis separates
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