Carl Rogers (1902-1987)Born in Oak Park, IllinoisIt was a nice location, but the family wasn’t impressed because it was too close to ChicagoFamily was extremely religious, emphasized on hard workFamily was concerned with how the city might influence rogers, so they moved to a farmDeveloped an interest in farming and natureAttended the University of Wisconsin, to Major in Agriculture, received pressure from family about religion, so he side tracks and began to study theology in NYC (Union Theological Seminary)Took a few classes in Psychology and had an interest in child psych at ColumbiaReceived Ph.D. in child clinical @ Columbia in 1931Served 12 years as a child clinician, in Rochester, NY1939: The Clinical treatment of the Problem Child (Book)1st book on what to do as a psychologists with problem childrenThe book was so good, he was offered a full professorship at the University of Ohio1942: Counseling and Psychotherapy (Book)1951: Client centered Psychology (Book)These are all books about treatment, he focused on treatment rather than theoryRoger’s View of PersonalityViewed people as: positive, rational, optimisticBelieved in the goodness of people. He felt this was in contrast to Freud; have a natural tendency to be goodRogers was a very holistic personThe SelfPatterned wholeMainly conscious, all of it should beMeaning we are aware of and experience ourselvesIncludes an image of the ideal self (the way we would like to perceive ourselves)The Q-sort: an Ipsative MeasureMeasures that are very video graphic in nature, it’s the idea that you’re looking at differences within the individualHad a stack to reflect the way that a person is and stack to reflect the way that they would like to beThe Q-stack reveals the correlation between the actual self and the ideal selfRogers 3 Types of KnowledgeSubjectiveRefers to our perspective, its unique to us, purely internal frame of referenceCritically important because it determines our behaviorObjectiveRefers to consensus knowledge, something that we share.Checked against the subjective experience of othersPhenomenological Knowledge (empathy)Understanding the subjective knowledge of another person,“Putting yourself in their shoes” so that you are aware of the way they see thingsEmpathy is not the same as sympathySympathy is “I feel sorry for you”Empathy is “being able to relate”, you can put yourself in their situationThought psychotherapy could be easily explainedClient-Centered Therapy (1951)6 critical IngredientsPsychological ContactPsychological contact between 2 people to be able to growState of Incongruence in the clientThe idea that generically don’t mess… the person’s self-concept isn’t in line with their experienceRogers thought incongruence led to anxiety and tensionSubception: the person is pushing the perception out of awareness so that you are no longer conscious/aware of experienceWhole idea is trying to maintain the perception of ourselves and if we have experiences that are inconsistent we then to subceedDenial and distortion are 2 defense mechanisms used through subceptionThe more this occurs the more the person will feel ill at easeCartwright (1956): better recall of self-concept consistent adjectives; distortion in poorly adjustedSuinn et al (1962): Remember consistent descriptors provided by othersTherapist is congruentThe therapist has to be open to experience, has to be unaffected by the client’s state of incongruenceUnconditional positive regard***** big conceptThe therapists hold unconditional positive regard for the who is incongruentThought a fundamental need for humans is positive regard.HAS to be unconditional in order to workConditional positive regard is what leads to incongruenceTherapist empathyUnderstanding the feeling of othersEmpathy and regard communicatedThe clients perceives that the therapist is empathetic and regards them highlyIF THE CONDITIONS ARE MET, THEN GROWTH OCCURS! If they are met, there is movement to self-actualizationGrowth toward Self-ActualizationPrimary aspectsOpenness to experienceExistential livingSelf-trustSecondary AspectSense of freedomAble to choose and determine the events in your life, you have autonomyCreativityAble to live in harmony with others, but don’t feel compelled to conformLecture 12Outline of Last Lecture I. Phenomenological Approacha. Phenomenalism II. Abraham Maslow a. Early Biographyb. Hierarchy of Motivating Needsi. Psychologicalii. Safetyiii. Love & Belongingness iv. Esteem 1. Reputation2. Self-EsteemIII. Self-Actualization PatternOutline of Current Lecture IV. Carl Rogers a. Early Years & Education V. Roger’s View of Personalitya. The selfb. The Q-Sort VI. Types of Knowledge a. Subjective b. Objective c. Phenomenological Knowledge VII. Client-Centered Therapya. Psychological Contactb. State of Incongruencei. Subceptionc. Therapist & Congruencyd. Unconditional Positive Regard e. Therapist Empathyf. Empathy & Regard Communicated VIII.Growth toward Self-Actualizationa. Primary aspecti. Openness to experience ii. Existential living iii. Self- Trust b. Secondary Aspecti. Sense of Freedom ii. Creativity Current LecturePSYC 330 1st Edition Carl Rogers (1902-1987)- Born in Oak Park, Illinois o It was a nice location, but the family wasn’t impressed because it was too close to Chicagoo Family was extremely religious, emphasized on hard worko Family was concerned with how the city might influence rogers, so they moved to a farm Developed an interest in farming and nature o Attended the University of Wisconsin, to Major in Agriculture, received pressure from family about religion, so he side tracks and began to study theology in NYC (Union Theological Seminary) o Took a few classes in Psychology and had an interest in child psych at Columbia  Received Ph.D. in child clinical @ Columbia in 1931 Served 12 years as a child clinician, in Rochester, NY o 1939: The Clinical treatment of the Problem Child (Book) 1st book on what to do as a psychologists with problem children The book was so good, he was offered a full professorship at the University of Ohioo 1942: Counseling and Psychotherapy (Book)o 1951: Client centered Psychology (Book) These are all books about treatment, he focused on treatment rather than theory  Roger’s View of Personality - Viewed people as: positive, rational, optimistico Believed in the goodness of people. He felt this was in contrast to Freud; have a natural tendency to be good