Astronomy 350: Laboratory 1• 0. If the following call for observing, either with the naked eye or witha telescope o r with stellarium, give the date and time of the observations(separate observations must be with a different date/time), the ”conditions”(eg. how cloudy it is, ”the seeing” etc).• 1. Look at the coordinate spreadsheet on the web site. Answer the followingquestions.• 1a) Whats the celestial sphere?• 1b) Whats the meridan? Whats the celestial equator? Whats the ecliptic?• 1c) Whats the prime meridian?• 1d) Whats t he latitude and longitude of Oswego?• 1e) If you are at latitude 90 degrees North where are you?• 1f) If you are at 0 degrees longitude where are you?• 1g) How many arcseconds in a degree?• 1h) Express 40 degrees and 2 arcminutes and 3 arcseconds in decimal de-grees.• 1i) Convert 28.64 degrees to degrees, arcminutes and arcseconds.• 1j) What are Right Ascension and Declination (RA/Dec)?• 1h) What is the name given to the point on the sky with 0 degrees RA?• 1i) What is the name given to the point on the sky with 90 degrees Northdeclination?• 1j) One hour is one twentyfourth of 360 degrees. How many degrees is it?• 1k) Convert 3 hours 14 minutes and 24 seconds to decimal degrees.• 1l) Is the latitude/longitude of Oswego different if you are in New Yorkcompared to London?• 1n) Does the latitude/longitude of Oswego change with time?• 1m) Does the R A/ Dec of a star change with your location on Earth or thetime at which you observe it?• 1n) Use stellarium to find the RA/Dec of tha stars in the Summer Triangle.1• 1o) What are altitude and azimuth (alt/az) and how are they different toRA/DEC?• 1p) Can a star with 0 degrees altitude have a non-zero declination?• 1q) Does the altitde/azimuth a star change with time and location of o b-server?• 2. Make sure you go through the telescop e quick starts on the class webpage and know how to setup the 8” telescopes.• 3. Do exercise 1, p. 1 in Ferguson. Know the different types of telescope,mounting and the telescope quick start on the class web site.• 4. Install Stellarium on your laptop/college computer and become familiarwith its operation.• 4a) Change the location to Oswego, NY and the time to roughly March 212011. Mark the ecliptic and the equator. Look at the intersection of theecliptic and the equator. Whats its RA? Now go to roughly Sept. 21 2011and look at the R A of the intersection of the ecliptic and equator. What isthe difference (roughly) between the two RAs?• 5. Either use naked eye observations or stellarium to do exercise 2 . p. 7 inFerguson.• 6. Find the altitude of Polaris from the following locations: London, NewYork, Glasgow, Rekyavik, Oslo. What is the relationship between latitudeand a ltitude of Polars?• 7. When can you observe Jupiter during the week of Aug. 29-Sep2 inOswego?• 8. When/what time is it best to observe Saturn from Oswego?• 9. If its clear can you observe the Andromeda Galaxy (M31)?• 10. Observe delta Cep. Where would you look to observe it during lateAugust/early Septmeber. This is a type of variable star called a Cepheid.Research this using google and describe what these stars are ”used for.”• 11. Find and observe epsilon Lyrae - which star is it close to? Draw apicture of what you see. Epsilon Lyrae is a ”double double.” Epsilon 1 andepsilon 2. Research these stars and write a short paragraph or two aboutthem.• 12. Observe t he summer triangle (see star chart). How do the brightnessesand color of the 3 stars of the summer triangle compare?2• 12a) Whats the luminosity of a star? What units is it measured in? Whatis the luminosity of the Sun? How many 100W light bulbs is this equivalentto?• 12b) The brightness (B) of a star is its luminosity (L) divided by thedistance squared:B =L4πd2,where d is the distance.• 12c) What happens to the luminosity and brightness of a star if it is movedtwice, three times and four times as far away?• 12d) Brightness is measured by magnitudes. If all stars were at a distanceof 10 parsecs, then the scale of measuring bright ness is called absolutemagnitude. Otherwise the scale of measuring brightness is called apparentmagnitude. On Stellarium, find the apparent magintude of the Sun andVega. Why is this the apparent magnitude and not the absolute magnitude?• 12e) The smaller the magnitude (whether absolute or apparent) the brighterthe object. So which is brighter in the sky, Vega or the Sun?• 12f) Stars A and B have absolute magnitudes -1 and 2 respectively. Whichstar has the larger luminosity? Which star is intrinsically brighter? Whichstar appears brighter in the sky?• 12g) Stars A and B have apparent magnitudes 3 and 0 respectively. Whichstar has the larger luminosity? Which star is intrinsically brighter? Whichstar appears brighter in the sky?• 13. Make sure you know 5 constellations and 5 stars in the fall sky inOswego and 5 constellations in August/September in the Southern hemi-sphere. For example, you should know how to find the Polaris, whats thesummer triangle.• 14. Write about 1 page explaining why firstly the positions of stars changesduring the night, secondly why the positions of stars seen at 9pm at Oswegochanges during the course of a year and thirdly why the positions of starschanges with position on Earth.• 15. Find out some constellations that can be seen from a latitude of 70◦atabout this time (9pm, late August).• 16. Find out where Mars and Venus are in the sky in August/September.Can they be observed during class time?• 17. Do exercise 3, p. 13 in