PSYCH 2410 1st Edition Lecture 13Outline of Conceptual Development I. CategoriesII. Symbolic DevelopmentIII. Pretend PlayOutline of Theory of Mind I. Definition of Theory of MindII. Assessing Theory of MindIII. Reasoning About Others’ GoalsTheory of MindI. Definition of Theory of Mind- Theory of mind: ability to understand that others have beliefs and desires that are different from one’s owno A child must be able to think about others’ beliefs as different from ours and others’ goals as independence of ours- Belief-desire theory of mind: our behavior depends both on our beliefs and desires or goalsII. Assessing Theory of Mind- Classic False Belief Tasko Method: Sally puts chocolate in basket then goes outside. Anne moves chocolate to box. Where will Sally look for chocolate?o Results: 3 year olds say in box. 4 year olds say in basket.o Conclusion: 3 year olds don’t realize others act on own false beliefs or they cannot articulate false beliefs. But where do children look? - 2 year olds to box- 3 year olds to basketo The difficulty is getting kids to SAY the right answer- Why do they make these errors?o False Belief task is too hard Misunderstand question Children can’t separate the 2 conflicting representations of reality Children don’t know that seeing or being told= knowing and not seeing or notbeing told= not knowing Children fail to understand and integrate key elements of the story Children cannot articulate false beliefThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Non-Verbal False Belief Task w/ 15 moo Method: object goes in green box, researcher either “sees” it move or doesn’t “see” it move to the yellow box. o Results: if researcher saw it move they weren’t shocked, but if researcher didn’t see it move and they reached for the new yellow box then infants are shockedo Conclusion: children have a theory of mind at earlier ages than initially thoughtIII. Reasoning about Others’ Goals- At 9mos an action is viewed as goal-directed if its casual significance is clear to infant- At 12mos infants understand finger pointing- Infants can predict action from gaze and emotional expression by 12 mos- Infants attribute general dispositions to agents to predict action in new
View Full Document
Unlocking...