Phenomenological ApproachPhenomenalism = Limit to sensesBranch of philosophy that emphasize sense experienceIt’s believed that our reality is only what we can sense.Behavior is determined by:PerceptionUnderstandingAka “Humanistic” theoriesThe importance of sense experience and our interpretation is that the things we experience is unique to one another; SubjectiveMore idiographic viewFreud sees us driven by InstinctIn general, they emphasize consciousness, because experience is determined by senses,Experience occurs in the present moment, the idea that you’re constantly flowing through time. There is an emphasis on growth, change and progress. This contrasts with the Freudian theory of homeostasis and being stagnantAdler was the closest to the phenomenological school.Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)Ph.D. 1934, Comparative Psychology (the comparison of animals to humans)Father wanted him to be a lawyer, but only lasted 2 weeks in law schoolStudent of Harry HarlowTaught at Brooklyn college until 1951European refugees and their influenceFamous forLegendary drinking problemSeries of studies done on attachmentIn 1934, Behavioral school supported by Skinner was most popular.. but behavioral mannerisms are driven by reinforcement.Hierarchy of Motivating NeedsMaslow was very holistic in his theory.PsychologicalCan never be completely satisfiedSafetyFree from fear, physically secure, order, stabilityWhen safety needs are disrupted they become the most powerful motivatorA failure to satisfy safety needs early on leads to basic anxietyLove & BelongingnessLoved & accepted by othersCon: people may sacrifice their own self-interest to feel accepted (Joining a gang)Con: you may find someone who is clingy & dependent in their drive to hang out with othersEsteemDriving for a sense of competenceReputation: involves the perception of others by your competence, the recognition you get from other people,Self-Esteem what you fell about yourself.If this need doesn’t get met, you are constantly striving to develop or satisfy the esteem needsSelf-Actualization (realizing all of your potential; drive for self-fulfillmentThe least pre-potent, very important but the last to appear,This isn’t a deficient need, but a growthPrepotency: some needs are more powerful than others, until the needs that are most pre-potent are satisfied, nothing else mattersThe most basic needs, in the theory are needs of deficiency,The most pre-potent needs are physiologicalB- values or “Meta-needs”Values that you constantly keep with you.Ex: truth, goodness, unity, aliveness, uniqueness, perfection, etc.JONAH COMPLEX!Self-Actualization Pattern+ Reality and problem centered - Ruthlessness+ Accepting, simplicity - Absentminded+ Private, independent - Overly kind+ Creative, freshness - Guilt and anxiety+ Un-hostile humor -non-neurotic+ Social interest+ Mystical* Doesn’t mean that the person is perfect, but that they are working on themselves and things for the common good.MASLOW IS MOST FAMOUS FOR HIS HEIRARCHY OF NEEDS!Lecture 11Outline of Last Lecture I. Adler’s Early ViewsII. Organ Inferiority and its Physical Consequencesa. Central Motive III. Teleology IV. Unity of Personality a. Social Interest Outline of Current Lecture V. Phenomenological Approacha. Phenomenalism VI. Abraham Maslow a. Early Biographyb. Hierarchy of Motivating Needsi. Psychologicalii. Safetyiii. Love & Belongingness iv. Esteem 1. Reputation2. Self-EsteemVII. Self-Actualization PatternCurrent Lecture Phenomenological Approach- Phenomenalism = Limit to senseso Branch of philosophy that emphasize sense experienceo It’s believed that our reality is only what we can sense. - Behavior is determined by:o Perceptiono Understanding - Aka “Humanistic” theories o The importance of sense experience and our interpretation is that the things we experience is unique to one another; Subjective o More idiographic view Freud sees us driven by Instinct - In general, they emphasize consciousness, because experience is determined by senses,PSYC 330 1st Editiono Experience occurs in the present moment, the idea that you’re constantly flowing through time. There is an emphasis on growth, change and progress. This contrasts with the Freudian theory of homeostasis and being stagnant o Adler was the closest to the phenomenological school. Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)- Ph.D. 1934, Comparative Psychology (the comparison of animals to humans) - Father wanted him to be a lawyer, but only lasted 2 weeks in law school - Student of Harry Harlow- Taught at Brooklyn college until 1951o European refugees and their influence - Famous foro Legendary drinking problemo Series of studies done on attachment- In 1934, Behavioral school supported by Skinner was most popular.. but behavioral mannerisms are driven by reinforcement. Hierarchy of Motivating Needs- Maslow was very holistic in his theory.o Psychological  Can never be completely satisfied o Safety Free from fear, physically secure, order, stability  When safety needs are disrupted they become the most powerful motivator A failure to satisfy safety needs early on leads to basic anxiety o Love & Belongingness Loved & accepted by others  Con: people may sacrifice their own self-interest to feel accepted (Joining a gang)  Con: you may find someone who is clingy & dependent in their driveto hang out with others o Esteem Driving for a sense of competence  Reputation: involves the perception of others by your competence, the recognition you get from other people, Self-Esteem what you fell about yourself.  If this need doesn’t get met, you are constantly striving to develop or satisfy the esteem needso Self-Actualization (realizing all of your potential; drive for self-fulfillment  The least pre-potent, very important but the last to appear,  This isn’t a deficient need, but a growth These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Prepotency: some needs are more powerful than others, until the needs that are most pre-potent are satisfied, nothing else matters o The most basic needs, in the theory are needs of deficiency, o The most pre-potent needs are physiological  B- values or “Meta-needs” - Values that you constantly keep with you.- Ex: truth, goodness, unity, aliveness, uniqueness, perfection, etc.- JONAH