Architecture Examples And HierarchyArchitecture Examples and Hierarchy - OverviewWhat are the architectural ranges?Slide 4Some Architectural termsSystem level Architecture of PCBus Interconnection and BridgingExample of bridgingPhysical Architecture of BridgeExample of PC architecturePC controller layoutSlide 12Board Level ArchitectureBoard Level Architecture – LAN Interface.Chip Level Architecture – Intel Network ProcessorExample of the functional units on a ChipSummaryWorks Cited.Architecture Examples And HierarchySamuel NjorogeArchitecture Examples and Hierarchy - OverviewArchitecture LevelsBus interconnection and BridgingController chipsSystem Level architectureBoard level architectureChip Level architectureWhat are the architectural ranges?Macroscopic – Entire Computer SystemMicrosocopic – an integrated chipSome Architectural termsSystem: This is the complete computer; it includes CPU, memory and I/O devices. System architecture describes the interconnection of components and busesBoard: Individual circuit board that forms part of a computer. Board architecture describes the interconnection of chips and the interface to the busChip: Individual integrated chip that is used on a circuit board. Chip architecture describes the interconnection of functional units and gatesBus: Subsystem that transfers data and power between computer componentsFunctional Unit: An entity of hardware capable of accomplishing specified purpose.System level Architecture of PCFunctional UnitsProcessorMemoryI/O InterfacesInterconnectionsHigh Speed Buses: -For functional units requiring high speedLow speed buses:For functional units requiring low seedBus Interconnection and BridgingTo interconnect buses we use BridgingWith Bridge technology we can have multiple bridgesBridge technology enables backward compatibility (.e.g. old I/O devices can be used with new processorExample of bridgingA processor uses Peripheral Component Interconnect Bus (PCI)I/O devices uses Industrial Standard Architecture (ISA).These buses are incompatible and cannot be connectedSolution: use Bridge Technology.Physical Architecture of BridgeDesign of bridge is complex The architecture of the Bridge uses special controllers – Controller ChipsSeparates high speed and low speed units onto separate chips.A controller can also provide an illusion of a busExample of PC architectureTwo Controller chipsA). Northbridge Chip:-Processor, MemoryAdvanced Graphic port (AGP).B.) Southbridge Chip:-LAN interface, PCI Bus,Printer and Input PortsPC controller layoutBoard Level ArchitectureFor Board level Architecture I’ll use an example of a LAN InterfaceLAN Interface:Connect computer to a NetworkTransmit data between computers and networkComprised of an individual circuit board with Processor and memory.Board Level Architecture – LAN Interface.SRAMHighest SpeedUsed for Instructions. DRAMLower SpeedsUsed for data transferChip Level Architecture – Intel Network ProcessorChip Level Architecture shows us the internal design of an integrated circuit that are concealed in a board level architectureExample of the functional units on a ChipSummaryArchitecture level of a system can be viewed at several layers of abstractionSystem architecture shows the entire computer systemBoard Architecture shows individual circuit boardChip architecture shows Individual integrated circuitFunctional unit architecture shows individual functional unit on integrated circuit.Works Cited.http://www.eca.cs.purdue.edu/http://www.cstp.umkc.edu/~mullinsj/cs282/Essentials of Computer ArchitectureDouglas E.
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