POLS 1337 1st Edition Exam#1 Study Guide (Lectures 3-15)Lecture 3: FederalismChapter 3Block Grant The intergovernmental transfer of money that has fewer conditions of aid than a categorical grant and is used for broadly defined policy areas; it is distributed based on complicated formulas.Categorical Formula Grant The intergovernmental transfer of money that has fewer conditions of aid than a categorical grant and is used for broadly defined policy areas; it is distributed based on complicated formulas.Categorical Project Grant The intergovernmental transfer of money for a specified program area for which recipients compete by proposing specific projects they want to implement.Centralized Federalism The relationship between the national and state governments whereby the national government imposes its policy preferences on state governments.Concurrent Powers The basic governing functions of all sovereign governments; in the United States, they are held by the national, state, and local governments and include the authority to tax, to make policy, and to implement policy, and the power of eminent domain.Confederal System A structure of government in which several independent sovereign governments agree to cooperate on specified governmental matters while retaining sovereignty over all other governmental matters within their jurisdictions.Conflicted Federalism The current status of national-state relations that involve the conflicting elements of dual, cooperative, and centralized federalisms.Cooperative Federalism The relationship between the national and state governments whereby the two levels of government work together to address domestic matters reserved to the states,driven by the policy priorities of the states.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Devolution The process whereby the national government returns policy responsibilities to stateand/or local governments.Dual Federalism The relationship between the national and state governments, dominant between 1789 and 1932, whereby the two levels of government functioned independently of each other to address their distinct constitutional responsibilities.Enumerated Powers The powers of the national government that are listed in the Constitution.Extradition The return of a person accused of a crime to the state in which the crime was committed upon the request of that state's governor.Federal system A governmental structure with two levels of government and in which each levelhas sovereignty over different governmental functions and policy matters.Fiscal Federalism The relationship between the national government and state and local governments whereby the national government provides grant money to state and local governments.Full faith & credit clause The constitutional clause that requires states to comply with and uphold the public acts, records, and judicial decisions of other states.Grant-in-aid (intergovernmental transfer) The constitutional clause that requires states to comply with and uphold the public acts, records, and judicial decisions of other states.Horizontal federalism The state-to-state relationships created by the U.S. Constitution.Implied Powers The powers of the national government that are not enumerated in the Constitution but that Congress claims are necessary and proper for the national government to fulfill its enumerated powers in accordance with the necessary and proper clause of the Constitution.Intergovernmental lobbying Efforts by groups representing state and local governments to influence national domestic policy.Intergovernmental relation (IGR) The collaborative efforts of two or more levels of government working to serve the public.Interstate Compacts Agreements between states that Congress has the authority to review and reject.Mandates Clauses in legislation that direct state and local governments to comply with national legislation and national standards.McCullough v. Maryland Clauses in legislation that direct state and local governments to complywith national legislation and national standards.Necessary and Proper Clause (elastic Clause) A clause in Article I, section 8, of the Constitution that gives Congress the power to do whatever it deems necessary and constitutional to meet its enumerated obligations; the basis for the implied powers.New Judicial Federalism The practice whereby state judges base decisions regarding civil rights and liberties on their state's constitution, rather than the U.S. Constitution, when their state's constitution guarantees more than minimum rights.Preemption: The constitutionally based principle that allows a national law to supersede state or local laws.Police Powers The states' reserved powers to protect the health, safety, lives, and properties of residents in a state.Privileges and Immunities The Constitution's requirement that a state extend to other states' citizens the privileges and immunities it provides for its citizensReserved Powers The matters referred to in the Tenth Amendment over which states retain sovereignty.Supreme law of the land The U.S. Constitution's description of its own authority, meaning that all laws made by governments within the United States must be in compliance with the Constitution.Unitary system A governmental structure in which one central government has sovereignty, although it may create regional governments to which it delegates responsibilities.Lecture 4:TX ConstitutionChapter 20Ballot wording description of a proposed amendment as it appears on the ballot, which can be noninstructive and misleading to votersConstitutional convention an assembly of citizens who may propose changes to state constitutions for voter approvalDenials of power a way to limit the power of government by explicitly listing the powers that governments may not useEarmarked taxes taxes dedicated to a specific expenditureGrants of power a way to limit the power of government by explicitly listing the powers that governments may useInitiative A direct democracy process in which citizens draft a desired policy and get a state-specified number of signatures on a petition in support of the proposal so that it is placed on the ballot for voters to approve or reject.Lecture 5,6,7 :Congress,Presidency, TX Legislature Part Intro,I,IIChapter 23Biennial Sessions meeting of the legislature every two yearsBirthright