HIST 106 1st Edition Lecture 19 Outline of Last Lecture LECTURE OUTLINE FORTHE COLD WAR• The End of WWII & the Creation of the United Nations• The Cold War in the Truman YearsAmerican Capitalism vs. Soviet Communism & the Roots of the Cold WarThe Truman Doctrine: Containment & Economic AidThe Marshall Plan: Humanitarian Aid & Economic RecoveryNATO & the Soviet ResponseGlobal Cold War UnderwayWinning Over JapanNSC-68The Korean War• The Cold War in the Eisenhower YearsFrom Stalin to KhrushchevEisenhower’s Strategy: Diplomacy & Massive RetaliationJohn Foster Dulles, the CIA, and Proxy WarsIran & MorePeaceful Coexistence?LECTURE OUTLINE FORAMERICA IN THE 1950S• The Politics of Postwar AmericaTruman and the Fair DealPostwar Red ScareFederal Employees Loyalty and Security ProgramHouse Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)Joseph McCarthy and McCarthyismEisenhower and Dynamic Conservatism• Society and Culture in the 1950sProsperity and the Growth of the Middle ClassThe SuburbsMass Culture and ConsumerismTeenagers and the Youth SubcultureJuvenile DelinquencyPeriod of Religious RevivalUnderlying Cold War AnxietiesLECTURE OUTLINE FORAMERICA IN THE 1950S• The Politics of Postwar AmericaTruman and the Fair DealPostwar Red ScareFederal Employees Loyalty and Security ProgramHouse Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)Joseph McCarthy and McCarthyismEisenhower and Dynamic Conservatism• Society and Culture in the 1950sProsperity and the Growth of the Middle ClassThe SuburbsMass Culture and ConsumerismTeenagers and the Youth SubcultureJuvenile DelinquencyPeriod of Religious RevivalUnderlying Cold War AnxietiesCurrent LectureLECTURE OUTLINE FORTHE COLD WAR1) The End of WWII & the Creation of the United Nations2) The Cold War in the Truman Yearsa) American Capitalism vs. Soviet Communism & the Roots of the Cold Warb) The Truman Doctrine: Containment & Economic Aidc) The Marshall Plan: Humanitarian Aid & Economic Recoveryd) NATO & the Soviet Responsee) Global Cold War Underwayi) Winning Over Japanii) NSC-68iii) The Korean War3) The Cold War in the Eisenhower Yearsa) From Stalin to Khrushchevb) Eisenhower’s Strategy: Diplomacy & Massive Retaliationc) John Foster Dulles, the CIA, and Proxy Warsi) Iran & Mored) Peaceful Coexistence?i) 1956: Nikita Khrushchev denounces Stalinii) Asked US to enter into peaceful agreementiii) Richard Nixon sent to Moscow on “good will tour”(1) Goes to American exhibit(2) Engages Khrushchev in “Kitchen Debate”iv) Eisenhower invites Khrushchev to US in 1959v) May 1960- US U-2 Spy plane shot down over Russia(1) Used to denounce Eisenhower and US(a) Demonstrated perpetual trust issues sx4) LECTURE OUTLINE FOR5) AMERICA IN THE 1950S6) The Politics of Postwar Americaa) Truman and the Fair Deali) Domestic Program(1) Called for increase in minimum wage(2) Expanding availability of low income housing(3) Expand social security(4) Institute civil rights reforms(a) Desegregated armed forces with executive order 9981 (1948)ii) Blocked deals:(1) Increase federal aid to education(2) Create civil rights division in justice department(3) Create a system of national health insurance(4) Repeal the Taft-Hartley act (anti labor legislation)iii) America becoming more conservative, and Truman barely wins election(1) Because domestic programs struggled, he focused on fighting cold war abroad and home(2) Cold War Liberalism(a) Put heavy emphasis on communism at home, even if it meant compromising individual rightsb) Postwar Red Scarei) Americans feared communism was taking overii) Federal Employees Loyalty and Security Program(1) Required all federal government workers to go before loyalty boards administered by FBI(2) Asked about political views and told to report any co workers that could be communist(3) Civil rights activist and Homosexuals categorized as national threats as welliii) Internal Security Act (McCarran Act)(1) Required all communist to register with government(2) Authorized government to place all communist into concentration camps if national emergency occurred(a) Truman vetoes, but congress over ridesiv) House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)(a) Could sopena witnesses to testify before jury(b) Couldn’t plead the 5th(c) Fairly controversial due to violation of rights(2) Investigates Hollywood(a) Reagan says controlled by communist(b) Disney claims commies taking over their studios(c) “Hollywood 10”- group of actors, directors, etc that refused to comment on their political views(d) Few hundred movie people black listed (couldn’t get hired)(3) Julius and Ethel Rosenberg(a) Accused of stealing atomic bomb plans and sending to Soviets(b) Government had a case against Julius, not Ethel(i) Pushed for death penalty and conviction for both(ii) Wanted Julius to own up and release other spy names(c) Sentenced to death by electric chair- 1953v) Joseph McCarthy and McCarthyism(1) Most famous anti-communist crusader in country(2) Said he has a list of names of known communist- kept changing number(3) Started accusing government authorities of communism with no proof(4) McCarthyism- red scare in the government-persecuting communist(a) Destroyed careers of many with false allegations(5) 1953- began to go up against army(a) Accused well known members of the army of communism(b) Court had had it with him(c) Broadcast Army-McCarthy hearings and McCarthy loses support(6) 1954- Lost all credibility(a) Vote highly in favor- McCarthy censured by congressc) Eisenhower and Dynamic Conservatismi) Defined politics for rest of decadeii) People liked that he was calm, reassuring, business like, organizediii) Conservative when it comes to money and liberal when it comes to human needs(1) Appealing on some fronts to vote both left and rightiv) Balanced budget, cuts in spendingv) Belief that US should be cooperative society(1) Emphasized hard work, prosperity, patriotismvi) Pro Businessvii) Strengthened social safety net:(1) Raised SS benefits twice(2) Hired 10 million federal workers(3) Increase minimum wage(4) Increased federal funding for public housing(5) Signed Federal-aid Highway Act7) Society and Culture in the 1950s i) Prosperity(1) Workers enjoy higher wages and benefits secured by labor unions(2) Montgomery GI Bill allowed veterans to attend school, purchase homes and farms, and start businesses(3) Increase in defense spending meant more jobs(4) More college graduates, more white collar jobs(5) Nearly 2/3 were now middle class by end of decadeii)