HIST 106 1st Edition Lecture 19 Outline of Last Lecture LECTURE OUTLINE FOR THE COLD WAR The End of WWII the Creation of the United Nations The Cold War in the Truman Years American Capitalism vs Soviet Communism the Roots of the Cold War The Truman Doctrine Containment Economic Aid The Marshall Plan Humanitarian Aid Economic Recovery NATO the Soviet Response Global Cold War Underway Winning Over Japan NSC 68 The Korean War The Cold War in the Eisenhower Years From Stalin to Khrushchev Eisenhower s Strategy Diplomacy Massive Retaliation John Foster Dulles the CIA and Proxy Wars Iran More Peaceful Coexistence LECTURE OUTLINE FOR AMERICA IN THE 1950S The Politics of Postwar America Truman and the Fair Deal Postwar Red Scare Federal Employees Loyalty and Security Program House Un American Activities Committee HUAC Joseph McCarthy and McCarthyism Eisenhower and Dynamic Conservatism Society and Culture in the 1950s Prosperity and the Growth of the Middle Class The Suburbs Mass Culture and Consumerism Teenagers and the Youth Subculture Juvenile Delinquency Period of Religious Revival Underlying Cold War Anxieties LECTURE OUTLINE FOR AMERICA IN THE 1950S The Politics of Postwar America Truman and the Fair Deal Postwar Red Scare Federal Employees Loyalty and Security Program House Un American Activities Committee HUAC Joseph McCarthy and McCarthyism Eisenhower and Dynamic Conservatism Society and Culture in the 1950s Prosperity and the Growth of the Middle Class The Suburbs Mass Culture and Consumerism Teenagers and the Youth Subculture Juvenile Delinquency Period of Religious Revival Underlying Cold War Anxieties Current Lecture LECTURE OUTLINE FOR THE COLD WAR 1 The End of WWII the Creation of the United Nations 2 The Cold War in the Truman Years a American Capitalism vs Soviet Communism the Roots of the Cold War b The Truman Doctrine Containment Economic Aid c The Marshall Plan Humanitarian Aid Economic Recovery d NATO the Soviet Response e Global Cold War Underway i Winning Over Japan ii NSC 68 iii The Korean War 3 The Cold War in the Eisenhower Years a From Stalin to Khrushchev b Eisenhower s Strategy Diplomacy Massive Retaliation c John Foster Dulles the CIA and Proxy Wars i Iran More d Peaceful Coexistence i 1956 Nikita Khrushchev denounces Stalin ii Asked US to enter into peaceful agreement iii Richard Nixon sent to Moscow on good will tour 1 Goes to American exhibit 2 Engages Khrushchev in Kitchen Debate iv Eisenhower invites Khrushchev to US in 1959 v May 1960 US U 2 Spy plane shot down over Russia 1 Used to denounce Eisenhower and US a Demonstrated perpetual trust issues sx 4 LECTURE OUTLINE FOR 5 AMERICA IN THE 1950S 6 The Politics of Postwar America a Truman and the Fair Deal i Domestic Program 1 Called for increase in minimum wage 2 Expanding availability of low income housing 3 Expand social security 4 Institute civil rights reforms a Desegregated armed forces with executive order 9981 1948 ii Blocked deals 1 Increase federal aid to education 2 Create civil rights division in justice department 3 Create a system of national health insurance 4 Repeal the Taft Hartley act anti labor legislation iii America becoming more conservative and Truman barely wins election 1 Because domestic programs struggled he focused on fighting cold war abroad and home 2 Cold War Liberalism a Put heavy emphasis on communism at home even if it meant compromising individual rights b Postwar Red Scare i Americans feared communism was taking over ii Federal Employees Loyalty and Security Program 1 Required all federal government workers to go before loyalty boards administered by FBI 2 Asked about political views and told to report any co workers that could be communist 3 Civil rights activist and Homosexuals categorized as national threats as well iii Internal Security Act McCarran Act 1 Required all communist to register with government 2 Authorized government to place all communist into concentration camps if national emergency occurred a Truman vetoes but congress over rides iv House Un American Activities Committee HUAC a Could sopena witnesses to testify before jury b Couldn t plead the 5th c Fairly controversial due to violation of rights 2 Investigates Hollywood a Reagan says controlled by communist b Disney claims commies taking over their studios c Hollywood 10 group of actors directors etc that refused to comment on their political views d Few hundred movie people black listed couldn t get hired 3 Julius and Ethel Rosenberg a Accused of stealing atomic bomb plans and sending to Soviets b Government had a case against Julius not Ethel i Pushed for death penalty and conviction for both ii Wanted Julius to own up and release other spy names c Sentenced to death by electric chair 1953 v Joseph McCarthy and McCarthyism 1 Most famous anti communist crusader in country 2 Said he has a list of names of known communist kept changing number 3 Started accusing government authorities of communism with no proof 4 McCarthyism red scare in the government persecuting communist a Destroyed careers of many with false allegations 5 1953 began to go up against army a Accused well known members of the army of communism b Court had had it with him c Broadcast Army McCarthy hearings and McCarthy loses support 6 1954 Lost all credibility a Vote highly in favor McCarthy censured by congress c Eisenhower and Dynamic Conservatism i Defined politics for rest of decade ii People liked that he was calm reassuring business like organized iii Conservative when it comes to money and liberal when it comes to human needs 1 Appealing on some fronts to vote both left and right iv Balanced budget cuts in spending v Belief that US should be cooperative society 1 Emphasized hard work prosperity patriotism vi Pro Business vii Strengthened social safety net 1 Raised SS benefits twice 2 Hired 10 million federal workers 3 Increase minimum wage 4 Increased federal funding for public housing 5 Signed Federal aid Highway Act 7 Society and Culture in the 1950s i Prosperity 1 Workers enjoy higher wages and benefits secured by labor unions 2 Montgomery GI Bill allowed veterans to attend school purchase homes and farms and start businesses 3 Increase in defense spending meant more jobs 4 More college graduates more white collar jobs 5 Nearly 2 3 were now middle class by end of decade ii Baby boom 1 Due to new prosperity 2 As well as after war 3 4 million babies born every year between 1950 1960 4 More were surviving as well due to