Lecture 12Outline of Last LectureI. DepressantsII. CocaineOutline of Current Lecture III. Cocainea. HistoryIV. Amphetaminesa. Historyb. Patterns of Meth Abusei. Lab Bustsc. Different Forms of Amphetaminesd. Mechanism of Action e. Medical Use for Amphetaminesi. Weight Controlf. Side EffectsCurrent Lecture One thing that we forgot to mention last lecture was the use of cocaine throughout history. One famous person name Sigmund Freud at first considered and highly recommended that use of cocaine’s. He thought that this drug would help most of the patients with a mental illness. Over time he noticed that some of his patients were becoming too dependent of the drug by observing their behaviors and then he later comment of the terrible dependence of cocaine. Some of the major soft drinks companies, when they first started their business, used cocaine in their drinks. One of the most famous company known today is Coca- Cola Inc. At first, they did not see a problem with using cocaine in the drink, not until people were having problems and the government asked for these companies to take cocaine out of the drinks. Coca-Cola of some other took that famous ingredient out of the drinks and used of way to give the desired taste to their consumers. Some other were not as lucky to figure out or take out the drug and so they were shut down. Today, we drink soda without cocaine in it. Now that we have briefly mentioned the history of cocaine, we will start the history and topic of amphetamines. Initially cocaine is derived from a component form the Chinese medical tea from mau huang. This components is known as ephedra, but the main primary ingredient is called ephedrine. Ephedrine, was made illegal from over the counter sales by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on April 12, 2004. This was the first event that made a restriction of the use of amphetamines. The second event took place on April 13, 2005, a U.S. Federal District Court overruled the ban of ephedrine in over the counter products. The key point to this reversal is the ephedrine can only be sold in an amount of 10mg or less legally in the U.S. There are some drugs that are related to ephedrine that their potency level is lower, they are called pseudoephedrine. In 1920s, there was a synthesis of amphetamines for the treatment of asthma. In the 1960s, I.V. use of These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. BIOL 3303 1st Editionamphetamines starts to be known as “speed,” for the fast intake of the drug into the bloodstream. Methamphetamines starts to be the most desired street drug known as “crank.” There are some who says there is a long history of this drug use. In the late 1990s, the smoking of methamphetamines became known as“ice.” Methamphetamines is primary drug of abuse of amphetamines, but in reality Adderall is the most abused because of the reachability of this drug. Some of the most seen kind of pattern are the lab bust found throughout the U.S. The major lab bust that are found in the west and Midwest of the country. Some of the main dangerous chemicals found in theseslabs is Anhydrous Ammonia. This chemical is mainly used in large farms to produce a lot of crops, but is used ina form fertilizing. Over the time, the main laboratories and manufacture of pure amphetamines were in California, but because of the restriction and hard to hide, these labs have moved farther south in Mexico. These big manufactures of amphetamines are very expensive, so there are various kinds of homemade recipes found on the internet. These does not meant that they are safe to perform, one known major event happen about a year ago. There were some passengers on board and decided to perform the famous “shake and bake”inside the car, that provoked an explosion inside the car. Now that we have seen a little of the history and the distributions thought history, we need to take a look at the mechanism of action this drug produces. At a high dosage of methamphetamine or amphetamines there will be a change in the body specifically in the organs used to detoxify this drug. One of the major physiological effects of a high dosage is the “stuck “in a behavioral pattern, think of it like a tick. They are stuck in some kind of behavior such as scratching the skin over and over again. There are various form of amphetamines found today. The thing that distinguish some is the small difference in the molecular formal, could be a methyl group and they are have a similar molecular to dopamine. Creating a “stuck” like pattern in the individual with a high dosage level in the system. The way it works in the brain is by producing a presynaptic storage mechanism. After they block the re-uptake of dopamine and norepinephrine, causing an increase of dopamine, inducing a “stuck” like behavioral pattern. This type of mechanisms not a neutrally occurring pleasurable effect. Before the restriction of amphetamines, the main treatment used for was for depression. The main issue with this drug is the potency of it. Another famous use for this drug is for weight control, because you are so dependent of the drug, you don’t care about anything else but having the drug, reducing you appetite, causing a few weight loss. There is not a high significance of weight loos by using the drug. Two other problems that require to take the drug is for narcolepsy and for hyperactive children. The mostcommon drug is called Adderall and Ritalin, but this drug contains a very low potency and use pseudoephedrine and would take a high dosage for an serious effect of the “stuck” in behavior. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a