MIC 230 1st Edition Lecture 11 Outline of Last Lecture I. How cells get EII. Enzymesa. Redox Reactionsb. Reduction potential towersc. Energy carriers and generation Outline of Current Lecture III. Fermentation a. What it is b. Problems it hasIV. Respiration a. What it isb. CharacteristicsV. 3 parts of respiration Current Lectureb. Where e- go (reduction ½ rxn) tells you what kind of catabolism it is (oxidation or reduction)-1st to electron carrier-Then to terminal e-acceptor c. Substrate level phosphorylationmaking ATP -A step in the pathway is enzymatically linked to make ATP-P= high energy bond-Makes ATP as part of the process of glycolysis3. Fermentationa. Is the oxidation (lost e-) of organic compounds where the e-generated are passedto an internal terminal e-acceptor (+e-a)-O2 is not used, but can occur in its presenceThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-NADH carry e-, dump to an internal +e-a, it is something the cell made—ex: pyruvate-End product is reduced—cell gets rid of theseb. e- go to an internal +e-a and reduced end product released as waste. (fig. 14.1 intext)-SLP=substrate level phosphorylation -Electron donor is energy source-E is electron acceptor- F is product (reduced) after E accepts the electrons-SLP fermenters primarily make energy-Many things can be fermented-Not just glucosec. Problems for fermenters-e- disposed-Must make +e-a -Can only incompletely oxidize substrate therefore, low energy yield and a small difference in reduction potential on tower. 4. Respirationa. Is the oxidation of organic or inorganic compounds, where the e- generated are passed through an e- transport chain (e-+c) to system (e-+s) an external terminal e- acceptor-External=from the environment-If +c-a is O2, then aerobic respiration -If external +e-a is an oxidized compound (must be oxidized so can accept e-) is something other than O2 (like NO3, SO4, FE, MA…) then it’s anaerobic respiration-ATP is made largely by oxidative phosphorylationb. Characteristics-Almost unlimited substrates-Break down all kinds of things-Generally can continue to oxidize completely to CO2 (mineralization)-Go all to inorganics-Typically using TCA cycle (Krebs)-TCA cycle oxidizes repeatedly -Yields more energy than fermentationc. 3 parts to respiration1. Biochemical (largely generates e- Oxidize!) pathway (often feedsinto TCA cycle)2. e- transportsoluble e- carriers take e- to the e-tc in the cell membrane3. Generating ATP through oxidative phosphorylation-Two types of membrane e- carriers:1. Carries e- only2. Carries e- and protons (H+)-e- only carrier won’t take proton, so pumped out of the cell using energy from the proton-e- and H+ carriers get H+ from cytoplasm and leave behind OH--e- carriers basically alternate between the two types-e- carriers are arranged from lowest affinity for e- to highest-Is a step ladder, so electrons will flow, b/c each acceptor wants the e- more—pulls it down  O2 wants it most, pulls the e-and keeps it!-We have ^ [H+] outside cell, and a decrease in [H+] inside cell—sets up a proton gradient-Gradient is across the membrane-means due to two sides together-Positive charge attracted to negative charges-Phospholipids keep H+ out, but they want in -Use of electrochemical