Classification ContinuedEtiology (Causes)Sociocultural (Poverty- Related Retardation)Single biggest cause that causes 75% of mental retardationFactors:Pre/post-natal diet deficitsLack of intellectual stimulationNo role model for learningAbsence of basic vaccinationsEnvironmental deprivationHead Start was a program generated to help alleviate these factorsGenetic/chromosomal#5 Cri Du Chat Syndrome (cry of the cat syndrome)Piece of #5 missing1/20,000 to 1/50,000 birthsMicrocephaly (smaller than usual head size)HypertelorismSimian Palmer line#15 Prader-Willi SyndromeInstable appetite, obesityLissencephalyDiagnosed pre-maturely or at birth- 1/100,000May involve X Chromosome, #7, #17Prenatal viral infectionPoor blood supply to brain#18 Edwards (Trisomy 18 Syndrome)3 chromosomes on #181/6,000 live birthsHalf die in utero5-10% survive the 1st yearMicrocephaly#21 Down Syndrome (trisomy #21)Occurs in 1/800-1000 live Births (5500 per year in USA)90% of people terminate pregnancy when they’re told they’ll have a down syndrome childFertility is UnlikelyAverage Lifespan1912, 12 yrs2012, 60 yrsAlzheimer’s common with ageAge of the Mother & Down syndrome birth20-24 1/150040 1/6049 1/11TheoriesQuality of egg theory: the eggs are internal and susceptible to the chromosomal interventionsGeneral decline theory: younger eggs are just seen as more viable,“Sperm under siege”: study that looked at the quality of sperm also contributed to down syndromePrenatal DetectionAmniocentesisChronic villus samplingCVS piece of placentaPercutaneous umbilicalAKA MongolismNamed after British physical Langdon Down, 1887Believed that the oriental was an inferior species, and if God waned to punish you, he would give you a retarded oriental in your family.WHO dropped the term in 1965Lecture 12Outline of Last Lecture I. Scott Lillianfelda. Potential Harmful Therapies i. Scared Straight Interventions ii. DARE Programs iii. Boot CampsII. Mental Retardationa. Major Intelligencei. British Classification1. Moron2. Imbecile3. Idiots ii. New System1. Mildly Retarded2. Moderately Retarded3. Severely Retarded 4. Profoundly Retarded b. Adaptive Behaviori. Educableii. Trainableiii. Un-trainable Outline of Current Lecture III. Mental Retardation Cont.a. Etiology i. Sociocultural 1. Factorsii. Genetic Chromosomal1. Theories 2. Prenatal Detection Current Lecture Classification Continued - Etiology (Causes) o Sociocultural (Poverty- Related Retardation)  Single biggest cause that causes 75% of mental retardationPSYC 306 1st Edition Factors: - Pre/post-natal diet deficits- Lack of intellectual stimulation- No role model for learning- Absence of basic vaccinations- Environmental deprivation Head Start was a program generated to help alleviate these factors o Genetic/chromosomal #5 Cri Du Chat Syndrome (cry of the cat syndrome) Piece of #5 missing 1/20,000 to 1/50,000 births Microcephaly (smaller than usual head size) Hypertelorism  Simian Palmer line #15 Prader-Willi Syndrome Instable appetite, obesity  Lissencephaly Diagnosed pre-maturely or at birth- 1/100,000 May involve X Chromosome, #7, #17 Prenatal viral infection Poor blood supply to brain #18 Edwards (Trisomy 18 Syndrome) 3 chromosomes on #18 1/6,000 live births Half die in utero 5-10% survive the 1st year Microcephaly  #21 Down Syndrome (trisomy #21) Occurs in 1/800-1000 live Births (5500 per year in USA) 90% of people terminate pregnancy when they’re told they’ll have a down syndrome child Fertility is Unlikely Average Lifespan- 1912, 12 yrs- 2012, 60 yrs Alzheimer’s common with age Age of the Mother & Down syndrome birth- 20-24 1/1500- 40 1/60- 49 1/11 Theories - Quality of egg theory: the eggs are internal and susceptible to the chromosomal interventionsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- General decline theory: younger eggs are just seen as more viable, - “Sperm under siege”: study that looked at the quality ofsperm also contributed to down syndrome Prenatal Detection- Amniocentesis- Chronic villus samplingo CVS piece of placentao Percutaneous umbilical AKA Mongolism  Named after British physical Langdon Down, 1887- Believed that the oriental was an inferior species, and if God waned to punish you, he would give you a retarded oriental in your family.- WHO dropped the term in