Beak of the Finch What forces of evolution and evolutionary concepts did you see in Beak of the Finch Keep in mind that you were expected to read chapters 3 4 5 7 8 12 13 15 and 16 Do not limit your examples to those seen with finches How many different examples can you come up with for each How were these effects measured Natural selection if2 species f inches who eat the same stay in the same habitat they woul enter in conflict the fittest survive hibrids mate preference they choose the bigger males Mutation the change on size of the finches and the size on their beaks Gene flow the hibridation the increase in of finches so they could mate interato among diff populations This effects were messured by the counting of the number f finches pro ior the increase of rain and after also they measured their beaks so they culd know what finch was it and if they had a successful reproductive ligfe or not Human Adaptations We went over material about four genetic adaptations in recitation high altitude stress lactase persistence skin color and malaria What conditions caused these adaptations to occur and why can these be considered to be cultural adaptations Environment wheater climate caused the adaptations and are cultural because as they are limited to a region they can only be found among a certain number of people who share the same ethnic bacgrund and the same culture a high altitude stress What are the effects of high altitude and why would a genetic adaptation have been selected for Is this one genetic mutation or multiple Biologically how does this adaptation aid Tibetans in living at high populations Hypoxia falta de oxigeno produce blood cells high hemoglobin maros nauseas falat d eapetito mntsh level pf respiration Days The genetic adaptation increased the lung capacity of the people living n high altitudes in rdr that they would nevere present mountain sickeness it s a multiple mutationthat affects not only eir lungs capacity but the amound of emoglobin in their blood have a lhigher right ventricle and delage of maturation Ths gives tehm mor eTibetans have better oxygenation at birth enlarged lung volumes throughout life and a higher capacity for exercise They show a sustained increase in cerebral blood flow lower haemoglobin concentration and less susceptibility to chronic mountain sickness than other populations b lactase persistence In what populations do we see high levels of lactase persistence What do these populations have in common Why would this adaptation have been selected for and how is this different depending on geographic location What type of evolution is this Arabian nomadic pop Northern Europe Pastoralism pop in Africa They all have a diet based on milk to survive the majority of them are pastorlims They need to survive so they need to keep eating milk they eatdiffrenet kinda fan imal milks In places were people do noy have ahstory of milk consumption they are not lactose persinatnce This is convergent evolution it means indp evolution of similar features in dif pop c skin color What determines the color of skin How is skin color distributed across the globe What are the different theories surrounding the function of skin and depigmentation What are the arguments for and against these theories eumelanin and pheomelanin more than 20 genes are responsibles of sking color and this depends on uv radiation in the equator is darker than in the north gloger s rule Some theorires rgue that it is for prevent the Human skin pigmentation evolved to protect against UV radiation Skin cancer becomes a health concern Dark skin pigmentation is advantageous migration of humans has led to environments that vary from those of ancestors Variation location lifestyle and skin pigmentation can leave people susceptible to radiation related diseases Low Vitamin D synthesis Rickets low access to UVB Osteoporosis absorb low levels of Vit D claim itself has been proven to be invalid based on the current research available and stresses the importance of discovering new ideas for the role of vitamin D in skin pigmentation It is important to recognize that the vitamin D hypothesis is a widespread and popular idea of how skin pigmentation has varied over time based on evolutionary principles and is supported somewhat heavily with evidence There are still doubts surrounding the claim and many counter arguments that describe some of the evidence that has been discovered regarding the claim itself Multiple Sclerosis low exposure to UVB and low Vitamin D Insufficient UVB exposure is related to the inability to maintain necessary Vitamin D and is exemplified by rickets and MS Over exposure to UVR can damage DNA and can lead to cutaneous malignant melanoma The prevalence of these diseases vary with differences in skin pigmentation DC Dominique Pigmentation related to acestral location Dark near equator Light near poles Dark skin more resistant to infctions it protects against bacteries and is dry d malaria What is malaria and how is it transmitted What species of plasmodium cause malaria and how do they affect people differently How do the three different adaptations we looked at help the body deal with malaria Which adaptations are associated with which type of malaria Malaria is a life threatening blood disease caused by a parasite that is transmitted to humans by the Anophelesmosquito Five species of Plasmodium can infect and be transmitted by humans The vast majority of deaths are caused by P falciparum and P vivax whileP ovale and P malariae cause a generally milder form Focuse o 2 P falciparum n P vivax 3 adaptations HBSallele agaist falciparum parasite dens Limit disease progress thalasemia agsis falciparium lim The disease progression G6PD MOHIDAL agains vivax par demsity Names Charles Darwin Born into a wealthy British family grandson of physician Erasmus Darwin His father who was also a physician feared Charles would become a wastrel so he sent him to medical school in Edinburgh There Darwin met professors who were supporters of Lamarck s theories While at Cambridge he participated in many geological expeditions and cultivated his interest in natural history Graduated from Cambridge in 1831 at age 22 and was recommended for a scientific voyage that would circumnavigate the globe Over his father s objections Darwin left aboard the Starship Enterprise on December 17 1831 Found fossils of giant animals that looked like animals still living in the region only larger Stopped at the