HIST 158 1st Edition Lecture 14 Outline of Last LectureI. Discussion of autobiography as a genreII. Modena’s self presentation in a negative lightIII. The Renaissance of National MonarchiesOutline of Current LectureI. 100 Years WarII. Wars of ReligionIII. Feudal MonarchyIV. Characteristics of the Early Modern StateCurrent LectureI. 100 Years Wara. Transition from Capet to Valois dynastyi. Because Capet (French King) died in 1320s without son to take the throneii. His brother and the Valois family took overb. This is a result of the principle of masculinityII. Wars of Religiona. Transition from Valois to Bourbon dynastyb. King Henry agreed to become Catholic ending the warc. Principle of Catholicityi. Successors of the throne had to be Catholic in FranceIII. Feudal Monarchy: the theoriesa. Clergy (major intellectuals) became loyal to monarchiesi. Further justified the King’s centralized powerb. Feudal Law:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. King could reclaim land and bring people to court simply because he was at the top of the feudal pyramidc. The Body Metaphor:i. Kingdom is the body, King is the headd. The Crown:i. Abstract representation of the stateii. Much like the flag is for us todayIV. Characteristics of the Early Modern Statea. By 16th-17th centuries a number of larger, centralized states exist in Europei. Sovereignty: independent, territorial, administrative, judiciary, military entity that only takes orders from within1. Leads to absolutism- one entity/person holding absolute powera. Checks and balances prevent this from happening todayii. The King: held absolute power; all powers and justice were concentrated in his hands1. Over taxation, violence, bureaucracy, judiciary, religious and local authority2. Divine claim to these powers3. Used propaganda: history convinces people we’re the chosen descendants of Troya. Very effectiveiii. Royal officers1. Central level: council- advice givers2. Local level: attempt to build a network of professional and loyal civil servantsa. Spain “Coregidor”, French “Baillis or Senechaux”, England “Justices of the Peace”3. Problem  venality of officesiv. The Army1. In search of a permanent army, not just in times of conflict2. Mercenary army3. Only King had power to create an army4. Nationalism?a. Had to create a shared allegiance and break soldiers of their previous nationalities and loyaltiesb. Soldiers fought for who paid the mostv. Finances1. A constant problem because of consistent wara. Swiss fighters were most experienced and most expensive2. Taxation: King could only tax the royal domain; indirect3. Direct taxation: power struggle between parliament and the King4. Borrowing: effective but had risk of defaulta. Ex. 1557 Spain (largest empire with great banking