ESS 205 Anatomy and Physiology Lecture 9Outline of Last Lecture I. Connective Tissuea. Boneb. BloodII. Muscular TissueIII. Nervous TissueOutline of Current LectureIV. Bone TissueV. Functions of Bony SkeletonVI. Structure of flat boneVII. Structure of long boneCurrent LectureI. Osteology is the study of bone tissue. It is actually a dynamic tissue that continually remodels itself. Bone is a type of connective tissue with a matrix that is hardened by minerals. This is also known as calcification. Each individual bone is made up of bone tissue, marrow, cartilage, and periosteum. II. The functions of the skeleton are to provide support, protection, and body movement. Equally important functions are mineral storage, blood formation (hemopoiesis) and acid-base balance. III. The structure of flat bone has internal and external surfaces of compact bone. The middle layer is spongy but there is no marrow cavity. If you took a blow to the skull itmay fracture the outer layer of compact bone and the trabeculae (spongy bone) but it would not fracture the internal compact bone. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.IV. The structure of long bones is a little bit different. There is a diaphysis also known as the shaft. This diaphysis contains a marrow cavity which is lined with endosteum. The proximal and distal ends of long bones are called epiphyses. These ends have a spongy layer covered with a layer of compact bone. The ends are enlarged to strengthen joint and provide for attachment of tendons and ligaments. The joint surface on these bones is covered with a hyaline cartilage. The remainder of the bone is covered in periosteum. It is an outer fibrous layer of collagen fibers that are continuous with tendons. Perforating Fibers penetrate this layer. There is also an osteogenic layer that is important for growth and healing. It is like glue in the sense itholds the periosteum to the compact bone. These epiphyses have an epiphyseal plate. This is also known as a growth
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