BIOL 1344 Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I. Classification of Hormones - ProstaglandinsII. Hormone SynthesisIII. Hormone ReceptorsOutline of Current Lecture IV. Hypothalamus Hormone ReleasesV. ThyroidA. HyperthyroidismB. HypothyroidismCurrent LectureThe hypothalamus sends releasing or inhibiting factors to the pituitary gland through direct blood vessels. These factors are:- Prolactin Inhibiting Factor (PIF) – prolactin is lactogenic, it stimulates milk production in the mammary glands - Somatotropin Release Inhibiting Factor (SRIF) and Growth Hormone Release Hormone – somatotropin is the growth hormone which stimulates somatomedins to be produced in the liver which causes epiphysis of bone, or simply, bone growth and elongation- Thyrotropin Release Factor (TRF) – this is the smallest hormone, only 3 amino acids. It releases thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) which come from the thyroid and control metabolic rate- Corticotropin Release Factor (CRF) – this releases adrenocortical tropin hormone (ACTH) also known as corticotropin which stimulate the adrenal cortex to make cortisol aldosterone (DHEA) which is needed in stressful situations- Gonadotropin Release Factor (GRF) – releases gonadotropins FSH and LH which stimulate the follicles on ovaries in order to ovulate- MSH Release Factor and Inhibiting Factor – releases melanotropin (MSH) which controls the melanin in skin The thyroid is the largest purely endocrine gland in the body. It is highly vascular, located in front of the trachea, and has thyroid follicles which are filled with colloid, or thyroglobulin. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Between these follicles are parafollicular cells (C-cells), if the number of these cells increase too much, it causes a goiter which is a visible swelling of an endocrine gland.T3/T4 are calorigenic hormones released from the thyroid. They exert control over most of the body through basal metabolic rate. This is the base amount of kcals burned which averages around 39kcals/hr/square meter of body surface. If there is too great of an increase of these hormones this can cause hyperthyroidism. This means the thyroid is too active causing the bodyto be warm, have high blood pressure, tachycardia, and hyperglycemia. An example of this is Grave’s Disease.If there is not enough thyroid hormones this can result in hypothyroidism which causes the sufferer to be lethargic an susceptible to being
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