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UGA KINS 2010 - Exam 2 Study Guide
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Goals of Philosophy of Physical Activity in kinesiology1. To understand the nature and value of health and physical activity, particularly in the form of exercise, sport, games, play, and dance2. To understand how confident we can be about our claims in kinesiology3. To understand the most important values of physical activity and its contribution to QOL (Quality of Life)4. To learn how we ought to behave in sport and in our professional lives as kinesiologistsReflectionTools of the trade:LogicSpeculationImaginationThinkingPhilosophic methods typically do not include the gathering of data from controlled experiments, but the results can still be valid and reliableVarious types of reflection are used in philosophic methods rather than gathering dataWhat do philosophers do?The goal is to better understand human movement (physical activity)Metaphysics- the branch of philosophy that distinguishes one thing from another. We ask: What is movement? What is skilled movement? What is health?Epistemology- the branch of philosophy that examines how we know things and with what assurance we can claim that something is true. We ask: Am I aware of all of the attitudes and potentially skewed perspectives I bring to my reflections? Can I even become entirely objective to trust my conclusions?Axiology- the branch of philosophy that examines the value of things. We ask: What kind of life is worth pursuing? What components go into high-quality living? How do we rank values that are means to other good things against values that are ends to themselves?Ethics- the branch of philosophy that examines how we ought to behave. We ask: How should we behave?Research MethodsInductive Reasoning- begins with specific cases to develop broad, general principles.Deductive Reasoning- begins with broad factual or hypothetical premises in order to determine more specific conclusions that follow from them.You must have agreed upon and true premisesDescriptive Reasoning- begins with one example of some phenomenon and describes its essential qualities. Then varies different aspects of the phenomenon.Example of Deductive Reasoning:Major premise: Sport requires the use of physical skills to solve its game problemsMinor premise: Texas Hold’em does not require physical skills to win handsTherefore: Not a SportPhilosophic Claims about Values in Physical Activity1. Personal Opinion- an indication of individual tastes or preferences, the lowest level of truth because it is difficult to rally persuasive arguments to support these judgments; example: “Football is the best sport ever!”2. Speculation- not merely opinions, yet still very hard to support with evidence; example: “Michael Jordan was a better player than LeBron James”There’s not necessarily a way to prove but can plausibly be figured out3. Probable assertion- the kind of claim around which a considerable amount of evidence can be gathered; example: “Cross country skiers have the best aerobic fitness.”Data can be drawn from this but not 100%4. Truth assertion- those claims that are very difficult to question; example: “Walking burns more calories than sitting.”TestableSportsGames in which motor skills are testedHave rules which specify a goal to be achieved and limit the ways participants can reach goalRules make the game possibleCan be competitive or non-competitiveSignificance of SkillsThe actual attainment of the goal requires the deployment of various motor skillsThe rulebook of each sport indicates the set of motor skills that the game is designed to testA set of motor skills provides each sport with idiosyncratic characteristics that make it uniqueMotor skills represent the standards of excellence by which players evaluate their performanceCompetitionThe attempt to determine athletic superiorityA shared test in which participants commit themselves to surpassing each other’s performanceValues excellent play. The process of competing in the game is valued as much as the outcomes that result from the playPlay and Duty in Sport (Physical Activity)Duty-like SportParticipation is justified by the beneficial effects of the sport (utility)Viewed as something that we must do because of what it does for us (ex. Improving health)Sport and physical education are presented as valuable because they help us advance in concrete and desirable ways, from improving our health and teaching civil values to fostering national pride and combating sedentary living and obesity: based on utilityPlay-like SportParticipation is justified by its intrinsic valueFocused on what we are doing for its own sake and nothing morePlay is the manner in which we approach, embrace, and experience the activityTwo potent combinations:The combo of physical activity (sport) and play is a powerful incentive to get us movingPhysical activity (sport) and play PLUS competition can be even more powerful to get us movingPhysical Activity ValuesValues are our conceptions about the importance of thingsValues promoted in KinesiologyHealth-related physical fitnessKnowledge about the human body, physical activity, and health practicesMotor skillActivities related to pleasure or funNot mutually exclusiveSport EthicsFormulating defensible standards of behaviorImpartial, consistent, and criticalFollows a universal moral point of viewNo one counts more than anyone elseRule bending or intentional harm to an opponent is not justifiableBasic Behavioral Guidelines for SportFollow the rules of the sportRespect your opponentStrive to bring out the best performance in one anotherCare about your opponents well-being as much as your ownEthical Issues in Sport (examples)Goals of Kids’ SportsGenetic Testing of YouthNCAA AthleticsO’Bannen Lawsuit Implications- Should athletes be compensated for advertisement use?Big 5 power ConferencesWill be able to offer additional $2000-$5000 per yearPay for post season travel for familiesIncrease athlete health care coverageEase restrictions on athlete/agent contactWhy do we study the history of physical activity?The history of physical activity teaches us about changes as well as stability in the past, which helps us understand the past as well as the present and make reasonable decisions for the futureGoalsIdentify and describe patterns of change and stabilityAnalyze these patterns of change and stabilityHistorians accomplish this by placing events in an analytical framework that uses:Trends and relationships in the events themselvesTheoretical models from the social


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UGA KINS 2010 - Exam 2 Study Guide

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