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UT Knoxville POLS 102 - POLS 102 SG Chap 6

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Nick LooneyPOLS 102 – T/Th 0810 (Adkins)20 Feb 141) What are the four divisions of government? (page 137)Governments can be broken down into four parts. The executive is an individual orsmall group of the nation’s top leadership. The legislatures are the representativebody of the people that deal with public policy. Administrative systems are thebureaucratic institutions that implement the state’s rules and policies. The judiciaryinterprets and applies the rules and laws of the nation2) What are the roles of the executive body? (page 138, 139)Leadership:Symbolic and Ceremonial:Supervision of the Administration:Supervision of the Military and Foreign Affairs: 3) Explain the difference in Fused and Dual Executives. (page 139-141)In a dual executive a head of state performs the more ceremonial aspects of topleadership, while the head of government is responsible for the more politicalaspects of government. This allows citizens to compartmentalize their frustrationsover perceived poor governmental actions by speaking out against the head ofgovernment while remaining loyal to the head of state. In a fused executive, a singleactor fulfills both the ceremonial and political functions of government. 4) Explain the difference in unicameral and bicameral legislatures. (page 147, 148)The difference in a unicameral and bicameral legislatures centers on the number ofhouses (chambers) it has, one and two respectively. Unicameral legislatures have anadvantage in that all the political responsibilities are located in one house andminimalize duplication or stalemate that potentially arise in bicameral legislatures.Bicameral legislatures, on the other hand, are composed of two houses. 5) What are the main functions of administrative systems? (page 150, 151)a) Provision of public goods and services: responsible for application of policies thatallocate goods and services to the people.b) Regulation and enforcement behavior: Responsible for implementing the policesof the nation that apply to behaviors of the citizenry.c) Provision of knowledge: Due to the high level of division of labor in bureaucraciesit is necessary for them have a high level of expertised) Information management:e) Resource management: 6) Define bureaucracy. (page 151)A bureaucracy is an organization that is hierarchical and specialized, by means of anelaborate division of labor. Its members apply specific rules of action to each caseNick LooneyPOLS 102 – T/Th 0810 (Adkins)20 Feb 14and the result is that each case is rational, nondiscretionary, predictable, andimpersonal. 7) How does judicial review provide a check and balancing system for some systems ofgovernment? (page 155, 156)Judicial structures establish the final interpretation of what the constitution and thelaw means. This authority allows the judiciary body to serve as a citadel againstoverreaching expansions of other branches of government. The ability to overturn ordismiss unconstitutional laws prevents the executive and legislature from passinglasting laws that expand their power substantially. 8) What is the difference in civil and common law? (page 158)Common law is based on the general laws and rules enacted by the legislature. Itrelies heavily on precedent in previous cases and allows for quick and uniformapplication of the law. Civil law revolves around the precise application of complexlegal decisions. 9) What is dispute resolution? (page 158)The goal of dispute resolution is to find a ruling that all parties agree with. Throughnegotiation or arbitration a satisfactory ruling is issued. This is often done through athird party negotiator. 10) What are 5 interest involved in representation? (page 143)a. Represent all the constituents in a geographic areab. Dominant group in a legislature’s constituency (could be religious, social class,ethnic group, etc.) c. Party loyaltyd. National intereste. Legislator’s own conscience11) What are the three broad roles of modern legislatures? (page 142)The legislature enacts legislation. They represent the citizenry on topics. Theyoversee the executive. 12) Difference in plurality voting versus proportional representation. (page 144)In plurality voting the candidate who receives the largest number of votes is electedin each constituency. In proportional representation the seat are allocated to aparty’s candidates in close proportion to a party’s share of the total vote. 13) What is the function of an ombudsman? (page 147) An ombudsman is an independent agency that investigates complaints regarding theactions of the executive and its administrative units. If a problem is identified by theombudsman it can oblige the executive/administrative body to correct the action.Sometimes this requires legal action or significant political pressure.Nick LooneyPOLS 102 – T/Th 0810 (Adkins)20 Feb 1414) Has a US President ever been removed from office?The process through which a president is formally removed from office is calledimpeachment. No president has ever been removed from office throughimpeachment. 2 presidents have gone through the impeachment process (Johnsonand Clinton) but were acquitted of the charges. Nixon resigned from office before hisimpeachment trial began. 15) What is a judiciary? The judiciary is the system of courts and personnel that determines whether therules of the society have been transgressed. If a transgression is found, theydetermine whether sanctions ought to be imposed on the


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