Goals of motor learningTo explain how:Processes such as feedback and practice improve the learning and performance of motor skillsResponse selection and response execution become more efficient and effectiveSkill Acquisition: Biology, Cognition, LearningBiology- basic mechanisms of motor control, individual differencesCognition- perception, attention, decision-makingLearning- change in behavior due to experienceMotor learningThe goal is to understand the role of practice, feedback, and individual differencesBefore practice:Goal settingInstructionsDemonstrationsScheduling practiceContext of practiceSpecificity of practiceFeedback: knowledge of results and performanceTypes of feedback:Intrinsic feedback: “That throw felt good…”Extrinsic feedback: “Nice job setting up…could you release the ball even quicker?”Stages:Cognitive Stage- understanding what needs to be done to execute the skillAssociative Stage- can perform basic components of the task; consistent errors; discrete adjustments in performance occurAutonomous Stage- task can be completed automatically without having to pay direct cognitive attentionGoals of motor controlTo analyze how the mechanisms in response selection and response execution control the body’s movementTo explain how environmental and individual factors affect the mechanisms of response selection and response executionMotor control:Motor programs are proposed memory mechanisms that allow movements to be controlledAs motor programs are developed, they become more automatic, allowing the performer to concentrate on the use of the movement in performance situationsMotor Control: Five Areas of ResearchDegrees of freedom: coordination of movementMotor equivalencySerial order of movements: co-articulationPerceptual integration during movementSkill acquisitionGoals of motor developmentTo explain how:Motor learning and control improve during childhood and adolescenceMotor learning and control deteriorate with agingDevelopmental motor learning and controlThe goal is to understand skill acquisition across the life spanTopics studied include:Developmental changes in the mechanics of movementLife span developmentExperienceChanging neuromuscular systems across the life spanGrowth and gender in the developmental of overhand throwingKINS 2010 1st Edition Lecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture I. Race and Sporta. Ethnic groupb. Racec. Position AllocationII. Class and SportIII. Motor Behaviora. What is motor behavior?b. Goals of motor behaviorOutline of Current Lecture I. Goals of motor learningII. Skill acquisitiona. Biologyb. Cognitionc. LearningIII. Motor Learninga. Feedbacki. Types of feedbackThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.IV. Stages of Motor LearningV. Goals of Motor Control a. Five areas of researchVI. Goals of motor development VII. Developmental motor learning and controlCurrent Lecture Goals of motor learning- To explain how:o Processes such as feedback and practice improve the learning and performance of motor skillso Response selection and response execution become more efficient and effective Skill Acquisition: Biology, Cognition, Learning- Biology- basic mechanisms of motor control, individual differences- Cognition- perception, attention, decision-making- Learning- change in behavior due to experienceMotor learning- The goal is to understand the role of practice, feedback, and individual differenceso Before practice: Goal setting Instructions Demonstrationso Scheduling practiceo Context of practice Specificity of practice Feedback: knowledge of results and performance Types of feedback:- Intrinsic feedback: “That throw felt good…”- Extrinsic feedback: “Nice job setting up…could you release the ball even quicker?”- Stages:o Cognitive Stage- understanding what needs to be done to execute the skillo Associative Stage- can perform basic components of the task; consistent errors; discrete adjustments in performance occuro Autonomous Stage- task can be completed automatically without having to pay direct cognitive attention Goals of motor control- To analyze how the mechanisms in response selection and response execution control the body’s movement- To explain how environmental and individual factors affect the mechanisms of response selection and response execution- Motor control:o Motor programs are proposed memory mechanisms that allow movements to be controlledo As motor programs are developed, they become more automatic, allowing the performer to concentrate on the use of the movement in performance situations Motor Control: Five Areas of Research- Degrees of freedom: coordination of movement- Motor equivalency- Serial order of movements: co-articulation- Perceptual integration during movement- Skill acquisition Goals of motor development- To explain how:o Motor learning and control improve during childhood and adolescence o Motor learning and control deteriorate with aging Developmental motor learning and control The goal is to understand skill acquisition across the life span- Topics studied include:o Developmental changes in the mechanics of movemento Life span developmento Experienceo Changing neuromuscular systems across the life spano Growth and gender in the developmental of overhand