Slide 1Compound MicroscopeSlide 3MicroscopyField of ViewDepth of FieldFocal PlaneSlide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13OrganellesSlide 15Slide 16Cell MembraneSlide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Unit 2: Cell Structure & FunctionUnit 2: Cell Structure & FunctionCompound MicroscopeOcular: eyepieceObjectives: adjusts magnification- Scanning lens: lowest power (4x) - Low power lens: intermediate power (10x)- High power lens: highest power (40x)Total magnification = ocular multiplied by objectiveEx: Ocular Objective TotalA 10x 10x 100xB 5x 40x 200xCompound MicroscopeStage: where you place your slide within the specimen holderCondensor: focuses the light from the light sourceDiaphragm: controls light intensityCourse adjustment knob: positions the side under the objectiveFine adjustment knob: brings things in and out of focus -adjusts the focal planeMicroscopy•Field of view: the area (length x width) that we see (2D)•Depth of field: Depth or thickness (3rd Dimension)•Focal plane: the plane that is in focus under the microscopeSakicjoeScokvLow Power High PowereeField of View•Area (length x Width)•Adjust by changing magnification (objectives)•As magnification increases, FOV decreasesDepth of Field•Depth (thickness) of 3rd Dimension•Adjusted by changing magnification (objectives)•As magnification increases, DOF decreasesFocal Plane•Plane at which the microscope is in focus•Adjusted by Fine Adjustment Knob•NOT affected by change in magnificationMicroscopy•As  magnification: field of view depth of field light intensity (diaphragm)•As  magnification:  field of view depth of field light intensity (diaphragm)Organelles•Know organelle structure (be able to ID)•Know function•Found in: Plant (P), Animal (A), or Both (B)?•How many membranes?Golgi bodyChloroplastRough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)Cell membraneCell wallMitochondrionVacuoleSmooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)NucleolusNucleusThe Plant Cell OrganellesThe Animal Cell OrganellesVacuoleGolgi bodyNuclear envelopeNucleusNucleolusRough ER (w/ Ribosomes)Smooth ERMitochondriaCell Membrane•Boundary and passageway for substances entering and leaving cell•2 membranes•Both•Composed of Phospholipids and proteins (many function as pores)Nucleus: contains chromosomes (made of DNA); 2 membranes; BothNucleolus: the dark staining, dense cluster of proteins and nucleic acids where Ribosomes are made; NO membrane; BothRibosomes: protein synthesis;-NO membrane- BothNucleolusThe Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):-Intracellular transport (transports substances inside the cell)-1 membrane; BothRough ER & Smooth ER…. (MUST QUALIFY WHICH ON THE EXAM!)Rough ER: has Ribosomes-Makes and transports proteins inside the cellSmooth ER: does NOT have Ribosomes - Makes and transports lipids inside the cell(Ribosomes: protein synthesis)The Golgi bodies - Packaging and Secretion (transport outside of the cell);- 1 membrane; BothCell Wall:- rigid, protective outer layer found outside of thecell membrane-Plant cellsVacuoles: -Storage sac of the cell; 1 membrane; Both- In animal cells, multiple and free. In plants, single Large Central VacuoleCell Wall& MembraneVacuoleChloroplastChloroplasts -Contain chlorophyll (green pigment) using during Photosynthesis- Plant cells- 2 membranes:- The outer membrane- The inner membranes are organized into stacks called Grana (increases SA:V)-The Stroma is the fluid matrix surrounding the granaImage from Ebiomedia.comMitochondria-Metabolism (conversion of stored energy into useable energy)-Both-2 membranes:-Outer membrane-Inner membrane folded into finger-like projections calledCristae (increases SA:V)?Why can’t an amoeba be the size of an elephant?-Cells need lots of surface area to carry out their day to day functions-The surface area ratio declines as linear dimension increases. This means that there is less surface area available to serve the needs of the volume of a larger cell. So the bigger the cell, the less efficient it is! -By using the complex folded structures to maximize internal surface area in the cell (not just for cells –