Welcome to General Principles and Concepts of Biology!Today’s Goals:Next Time…VI. What is a GMO?Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Let’s Vote!Turn to the person next to you & defend your answer(s)Let’s vote again!Revisiting the question…Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27PowerPoint PresentationSlide 29Slide 30Biological evolution?Slide 32Welcome to General Principles and Concepts of Biology!Bio Sci 1010, Sec. 2ANNOUNCEMENTS:Exam #2 answer keyavailableToday’s Goals:Readings: Chapter 10I. Observations that need scientific explanationA. Direct observationsB. FossilsNext Time…Readings: Chapter 10II. Evolution by natural selectionA. SelectionB. TermsC. Darwin’s Four PostulatesB. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)3. Crop plantsb. Increase yield i. Freeze resistantii. Drought tolerantiii. Pest resistantiv. Herbicide resistanceExample: Roundup Ready soybeansVI. What is a GMO?VI. What is a GMO?VI. What is a GMO?Apply herbicide to GMO cropVI. What is a GMO?Herbicide - kills weedsVI. What is a GMO?Herbicide - kills weedsVI. What is a GMO?Herbicide - kills weedsVI. What is a GMO?Herbicide - kills weeds - GMO crops thrive!B. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)3. Crop plantsb. Increase yield c. Increase nutritive valueExample: Golden Rice expresses beta-carotene (vitamin A) which could help prevent blindness in 500,000 children worldwide.VI. What is a GMO?Let’s Vote!Over half of processed food in U.S. market contains GM foods! When you eat genetically modified foods, you are eating (circle all that apply):a) foods with unnatural chemicals added to themb) foods that make proteins they normally would notc) foods that contain genes they normally would notd) foods that contain DNA, when normally food does not have DNATurn to the person next to you & defend your answer(s)Over half of processed food in U.S. market contains GM foods! When you eat genetically modified foods, you are eating (circle all that apply):a) foods with unnatural chemicals added to themb) foods that make proteins they normally would notc) foods that contain genes they normally would notd) foods that contain DNA, when normally food does not have DNALet’s vote again!Over half of processed food in U.S. market contains GM foods! When you eat genetically modified foods, you are eating (circle all that apply):a) foods with unnatural chemicals added to themb) foods that make proteins they normally would notc) foods that contain genes they normally would notd) foods that contain DNA, when normally food does not have DNARevisiting the question…Over half of processed food in U.S. market contains GM foods! When you eat genetically modified foods, you are eating (circle all that apply):a) foods with unnatural chemicals added to themb) foods that make proteins they normally would notc) foods that contain genes they normally would notd) foods that contain DNA, when normally food does not have DNAB. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)1. Created using recombinant DNA2. Bacteria3. Plants4. Animals & Humans?VI. What is a GMO?B. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)4. Humansa. Gene therapy replaces defective mutated genes with functional genesVI. What is a GMO?B. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)5. Humansb. Steps:i. Combine gene with viral DNA (does not cause disease)ii. Virus injects recombinant DNA into human cells.Example: Glybera is 1st gene therapy approved for clinical use. Provides functional copy of a lipase to prevent pancreatitis. VI. What is a GMO?VI. What is a GMO?C. ControversialDiscuss with neighbor: Give one scientific reason for and against passage of laws in CO & OR that would require labelling of food with GM ingredients.VI. What is a GMO?C. Controversial1. Effects on human healthVI. What is a GMO?C. Controversial1. Effects on human healtha. GM foods can cause allergic rxns.b. GM proteins may be toxins(*No evidence of harmful effects: FDA, National Academy of Science, WHO)VI. What is a GMO?C. Controversial1. Effects on human health2. Effects on environmentVI. What is a GMO?C. Controversial2. Effects on environmenta. Kill non-target organismsVI. What is a GMO?C. Controversial2. Effects on environmenta. Kill non-target organismsb. Evolution of resistant pestsVI. What is a GMO?C. Controversial2. Effects on environmenta. Kill non-target organismsb. Evolution of resistant pestsVI. What is a GMO?C. Controversial2. Effects on environmenta. Non-target organismsb. Evolution of resistant pestsc. Breed and share resistance genes with wild weedy relativesVI. What is a GMO?C. Controversial2. Effects on environmenta. Non-target organismsb. Evolution of resistant pestsc. Breed and share resistance genes with wild weedy relativesd. Increased pesticide/herbicide useHow did humans change gene expression in organisms before recombinant DNA technology?teosinte – Mexico 6,000 years agocorn – today!Evolution: Change in allele frequencies over time.ORCharacteristics of species change over time.Biological evolution?The average size of womens’ slacks has increased by 4 inches in 40 years1975 201424 inches 28 inchesI. Evolution explains…A. Observed changes in species (exs: superbugs MDX-TB, HIV, MRSA; head