L a n g u a g e l e a r n i n g s t r a t e g i e sIn learning a language, we follow the advice that practice makes perfect, and patience is a helpful virtue.The world can be your classroom—through home or school. Explore these options to find strategies of learning and using a language that match your interests, strengths and challenges. Use the Internet and technology as an environment to make your tasks fun and interesting.Skills include listening, speaking, memorization, reading, writing, and test taking. At the beginning memorization and repetition are important, but do not be discouraged if you seem to go too slowly.Listening and understanding▪ Practice listening! Infants “listen” for more than a year before they can say anything close to “mom” or “dad”. Watch videos and listen to music in your language, download Internet files with “speech” in the language. Try to recognize words, even sounds. Don’t bother trying to understand, just get used to the sound of the language.▪ Use the language lab.Prepare yourself by reading exercises, thenput them aside and listen.Only speak or write when asked to.▪ When others in class speak, listen for what they say and mentally build images of their answers—in the language itself.▪ Listen while a tutor or friend reads to you—maybe even something as simple as a children’s book.▪ Make friend with a native speaker and practice!Practicing listening when learning a languagean essential component to both understanding and reproducing sounds, as well as the rhythm, accent and inflections of speech.Not everyone has access to a native speaker, class or lab--but your desktop, laptop and handheld technologies can help.Listening practiceDownload a media program that has the text of what is said.▪ Review the text one sentence at a time and familiarize yourself with the vocabulary.(Study the grammar as a separate exercise and focus now on the listening/speech)▪ Follow a sentence several times while listeninguntil you are comfortable with its pronunciation in the context of the sentences.▪ Without looking into the transcript, repeat the sentence (say it aloud) exactly as you heard it.Record your best effort and compare.▪ Listen to the text in short paragraphs or chunks.Look away and try to summarize in your words the content.Record and listen to your summary for review.▪ Listen to the whole conversation or story without interruption.Summarize this "whole" and record, listen and compare.Speaking▪ Reading silently is not productive: use your voice! Read aloud: think of it as training your mouth to make the new sounds!▪ Drills: Learn a short standard sentence, then substitute vocabulary, even words you look up for fun.Subject and verbs can change (I am going; you are going; etc.)Objects can change (I buy a car; I buy a CD; etc.)▪ In class, if your “answer” does not come to mindrepeat the question in the language, or use your new language to say that you don’t know, or need help! For this last, prepare a standard response that you can fall back on, but be prepared to respond to a question that follows your response! Stay in the mind set of the language, giving your brain time to work in the new language.Vocabulary▪ Be inventive in acquiring new wordsPost note cards around your room to learn and identify what is in the room, refrigerator, computer, car, etc. Speak the list, and if the wordhas gender, or is singular/plural, make sure you use the article!▪ Create a visual thesaurus. Draw an image of a new vocabulary wordCreate a concept map of a word with synonyms, opposites, images, scenes, etc.▪ Look up new words and their definitions in the new language’s dictionary or online, not in language pairs (for example, French-English). Write out the definition. Add one synonym or antonym.▪ Memorizing: acronym, acrostic, rhymes, loci, keywords, image-naming, chaining Reading▪ Do not read word-by-word, or translate word-by-word.Prepare yourself for a reading: study its vocabulary first; review the advance questions.Then put aside everything and just read, even twice.Do not look up vocabulary while reading.Read a phrase or sentence as a �thought� to get its sense or meaning.▪ Do not write in your text book or reading.Separately develop avocabulary list as above.▪ Go beyond your textbook!Children’s books are illustrated and easy to read!Websites are rich opportunities to explore your hobbies in other languages, and have common vocabulary that gives you a sense of what is written.(Google advance search will let you enter key words and choose a language forresults!)▪ Read/sing song lyrics of the language!▪ As your skills advance, read novels,but read for the story, not vocabulary. Read a chapter, then if you see repetitive vocabulary, look it up and then read again.As you advance through the novel, you will forget about vocabulary for the most part.Writing▪ Some languages have unfamiliar alphabets and ways ofwriting.Practice writing these alphabets to both learn correct orthography (correct writing), and vocabulary!▪ Develop writing assignments with the seven stages in your language▪ Write out sentences you have practiced orally.Carefully construct patterns and then write out the sentences with substitute words--multiple times. If you have spell check and the “autocorrect” grammar feature in your word processing, use it!▪ When you get corrections, re-write them.Correct what you got wrong, even repeating in order to embed it in your mind.Grammar▪ Read a short clear easily understandable explanation of a grammar rule.▪ Find several examples of the ruleCheck whether you have mastered the examples▪ Create your own examples drawn from your daily life,or in conversations you could have with a friend, classmate, or even a family member.If you know how to categorize the grammar rule, search the Web for more examples in dialogues, essays, stories. Create variations or your own examples.Technology▪ Create flash cardswhether digital or on paper▪ Explore using your IPod, MP3, CD in the languagein your car,and at moments when you are waiting or walking or biking, etc. Some studies have even showed results during sleep!▪ Check out iPhone apps!▪ Use the Internet; search for websites.Play games, read newspapers, look up your hobby, research for other subjects you are studying, etc.▪ Watch videos and movies in your new language.▪ Learn the words to popular songs and