Geology 1350 Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture I. Stability II. ParcelIII. Cloud developmentOutline of Current Lecture I. Continued.II. PrecipatationCurrent LectureDry adiabatic lapse rate comes as a constantWet adiabatic lapse rate covers a “range of values”, exponential function, it is related to the humidity in the air, warmer air hold more water vapor than colder air ,more energy is released, poles have low ambient humidityThere are clouds because land is warmer than the ocean, causes air bubbles to rise and createcloudsPrecipitation-liquid or solid water, reaches the groundRemoves water from the atmosphereCondensation nucleus-.2umRaindrop-5000umThe bigger the particle the less time to fall (velocity of fall)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.How to make a droplet bigger? Small droplets mix with other droplets and creates a bigger droplet (collision)Warm cloud processes- warm cloud has more humidityThe most important process is the Bergeron Wegener (ice crystal process)- comes in middle and high altitudesSaturation vapor pressure in freezing temperature is two curves liquid above and ice belowMolecules from water to ice- water droplets particles move to ice crystal and crystal grows this occurs at -15 degrees c.Ice particles change- accretion, collision, snow flakesTwo big clouds- nimbo”stratus”-layer low water; cumulonimbus(big thunderstorm; up and down high water)Evaporating rain- rain that doesn’t hit the ground the same thing can happen with iceSnowflakes and snowfall- have different shapes, air temperature and humidity determines the shapeMeasuring rain with standard gauge-measured in millimeters ranges-recording gauge-depends on weight of the drops and when it gets heavy it tipsradar rainfall- measures the droplets in the clouds not rain, electromagnetic waves, shows a reflection when a droplet hits a cloud then shows up on the radar, not looking at the same altitude as it travels because the earth is roundDoppler effect-observes horizontal motions of thunderstorms, object moving toward antenna increase frequency and vice versadifferences between droplets and rain is that rain hits the
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