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UWEC GEOL 102 - Exam 1 Study Guide
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Geology 102 Exam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 10Lecture 1-3 (September 8-12)Know the history of oceanography. Keepler – planetary motion, Galileo – mass and acceleration,Newton- unifying law of gravity. Cruise of the challenger and the Meteor. Who was sailing, what did they discover. Sonar discovery, uses, advantages, disadvantages, sources of error? Cruise of the Challenger- British ship circuit navigated the ocean. It was a scientific research vessel that collected organisms and made 500 depth measurements of the ocean with cable and anchor. Voyage of the Meteor- German ship – first to use Sonar- measured depth with the travel time ofsound. Cork concept- low density things float, high density things sink. The ocean is denser at the bottom, so sound waves speeds up thereGlomar Challenger- USA ship- drilled hole in the sea floor and returned sediment cores- looked at chemistry of the core to determine climae and ageKnow the scientific method and what makes a scientist. Lecture 4 (September 15) Fossils? Devils Lake- how do we use scientific method to determine the formation of devils Lake? Disposition? Erosion? Ripple marks? Metamorphic rock? What does the origin of the earth and geologic time tell us? Fossils are any evidence for previous life form. The origin of the earth and geological time can be used to understand the difference between relative and absolute geologic time. Disposition are particles set down by some sort of current. There there is running water at work it will tend to deposit things in a sub horizontal layer. Erosion is the opposite of deposition, it picks up and moves. What were the historical events for Devils Lake? Know how we concluded this history.Deposit sand, buried sand, mountain building (lines go from horizontal to vertical), erode mountains, deposit conglomerate, despoit sandstone, sea level dropped. Who is James Hutton?He founded the first angular conformity in the late 1700’s. What is a anguar conformity? It represents erosion and burial of a mountain, ex: Siccar Point. Know the Geological time scalePrecambrian Era- oldest, Palezoix Era- oldest life, Mesozoic- (middle) dinosaurs, Lecture 5-6 (September 17-22) Characteristics of continental lithosphere?continent, granite rock type- crystallized from molten rock, light colored (low in Fe, Mg and high in Si) low density, thick ( 70-100 km) Define the role of isostacy here? the lithosphere is floating on the asthenosphere, lithosphere sinks down into athensophere until it displaces its weight, once the weight of the object is displaced, it floats. Why are ocean Basins present? oceanic lithosphere is thinner, isostacy, oceanic lithosphere is more denseContinental drift? Wegner proposed in 1915. Why was it ruled out? Lecture 7 (September 24)Sea floor spread theory- can up when sonar data mapped ocean floors and found mid-oceanic ridges, trenches, linear island changes, gashes on ocean floor. Earhquake data was concentrated in the ocean, where there were trenches, which lead to the sea floor spreading hypothesis. What was this hypothesis? Know about volcanic hotspots and how new volcanoes are formed. Which of these are active/ inactive? How ? Lecture 8 (September 26)Zones within the earth? Lithosphere vs asthenosphere? Glass blower concept? Oceanic lithosphere?The zones within the earth include the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust. The inner core is very dense, solid, and made with iron and nickel. The outer core is liquid and made with iron and nickel. The mantel makes up most of the earth. It is made of iron, magnesium, silicon, and oxygen. The crust has the lowest density and is made of some iron, but mostly aluminum, silicon, and oxygen. The Lithosphere is made of rock, while the asthenosphere is a soft solid. Using glass blower concept, remember that cold things snap, and hot things bend. Be use to be able to relate this concept to various questions. Lecture 9 (September 29)What is volcanism? Volcanism is the destruction of plates. The youngest oceanic lithosphere is located at the oceanic lithosphere crest. Know when a volcano is active and how they are formed. What are the 3 types of plate boundaries? What are the differences between them? Know examples of how they are each formed, and how to determine it. Know what the difference is when the boundaries are on oceanic lithosphere and continental lithosphere. Divergent- means going apartConvergent- coming togetherTransform- slippage Ocean-ocean divergent plate boundary example: Mid oceanic ridge Temperature is defined as what? The average molecular velocity. If you decrease the density and increase the volume of a material, what will the material want to do? Float. Lecture 10 (October 1)Why are oceanic ridges, ridges? The density of the material and the concept of “superball” cause the ridges. Density is mass over volume, increase density and decrease volume it gets colder, if density increases it will want to sink lower. What are the types of earth quake depths? Shallow 0-100km, intermediate= 100-400km, deep= greater than 400


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UWEC GEOL 102 - Exam 1 Study Guide

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