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TAMU SOCI 205 - Social Construction of Gender
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SOCI 205 1nd Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture II. Agents of Socialization Cont.Outline of Current Lecture II. Study Guide over Video for Friday’s (Oct 3rd) LectureIII. Gender Differences: Nature vs. NurtureIV. Analyzing Gender InequalityV. Gender Inequality in Comparative Perspective: Gender Differences (Nature v. Nurture)VI. Gender Differences: NurtureCurrent LectureII. Study Guide over Video for Friday’s (Oct 3rd) Lecturea. How did children respond to the exercise? How did they respond to the exercise’sconclusions?i. They either felt superior or inferior.b. How long did it take for the children to feel superior or inferior as a result of eye color?i. It didn’t take long at all – they started feeling their assumed roles very quickly.c. How long did the experiment run?i. It only ran for two days.d. How did the exercise affect the students’ ability to perform on spelling, math, reading, and phonics card tests?i. If they are told they are superior, they do well. If they are told they are inferior, they do poorly. (Teacher prophecy)e. How did the students who participated in the exercise as children view Elliot’s exercise now that they were adults?i. They don’t remember the experiment itself, but the results stay within them in practice.f. Where else was the exercise conducted? What were the results?III. Gender Differences: Nature vs. Nurturea. Naturei. Sociology: Not nature (biological) versus nurture, but nature and nurtureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Looked at brain activity of school age boys and girls: girls had better accuracy (which seemed to support a nature aspect); however, it could very well be that girls just learn differentlyii. Biological explanations alone are insufficient. IV. Analyzing Gender Inequalitya. Functionalist approachesi. “Sexual division of labor”: achieve social solidarity and integration1. says that women are lower socially than men as a result of inherent traits2. Murdock suggests that the sexual division of labor is evident in most societies and is most logical and efficient way to organize societyii. Functionalist approaches1. Parsons suggests:2. Women carry out expressive rolesa. Women are best socialized under these rolesb. E.g. providing care and ensuring the security for children3. Men carry out instrumental rolesa. Society works best with men socialized under these rolesb. E.g. men as the breadwinner4. Criticisms of Functionalismsa. Overemphasizes cooperation and consensusb. Ignores the role of powerc. Ahistorical V. Gender Inequality in Comparative Perspective: Gender Differences (Nature v. Nurture)a. Findings from other culturesi. Margaret Mead’s research on New Guinea1. In Arapesh, men and women exhibit typically (western) female behavior2. In Mundugumor, men and women exhibit typically (western) masculine traits3. In Tchambuli, men were typically feminine, and women typically masculine.ii. Conclusion: Gender norms are not constant in every culture and have a considerable variation.b. Findings from other cultures cont.i. The Kung in Africa1. In this group, men hunt and women gather.2. Men and Women are both involved in raising children, and neithertolerant violent confrontation (more egalitarian) ii. In The “Bacha Posh” in Afghanistan1. They value boys more than girls, so when a family only has girls, one girl is basically selected for boyhoodiii. Navajo: “two spirit”1. Person who occupies an opposite gender role a. Not necessarily the same as transgender i. Some are heterosexual, some homosexual, and some only attracted to other “two-spirits”VI. Gender Differences: Nurturea. The social construction of gender: The learning of gender roles through socialization and interaction with others VII. Reading Discussiona. What is the “warrior gene”?i.b. --Why was the media coverage problematic?c. What are the key findings of gene-environment interactions (GxE) research?i. An understanding of both genetics and environment is necessary becausethey work closely together. Genes do not lend themselves to a certain behavior on their own the same way an environment doesn’t lend itself to a certain behavior – it is a combination of both. d. What is genetic reductionism? Genetic ascription?i. Genetic reductionism is not paying attention to anything but that particular genetic trait. Genetic ascription says that traits are assigned to a group and are attributed to some shared genetic trait of that group. e. Conclusion: genes do not determine


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TAMU SOCI 205 - Social Construction of Gender

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